晁骏 李磊 符悦冠 朱恩林

摘  要：为探究生草大叶油草种植对芒果園节肢动物群落的影响，将种植大叶油草的芒果园与传统清耕生境节肢动物群落结构进行比较，对2种不同生境2018年8月—2019年6月的节肢动物群落物种数量、物种多样性、群落稳定性进行了分析。结果表明，大叶油草生境下芒果园节肢动物物种数量、个体数量约为清耕生境的2倍;物种多样性指数、群落稳定性显著高于清耕生境，在天敌亚群落方面也表现出相似差异。而害虫亚群落方面，清耕生境害虫数量（4730头）约为大叶油草生境（2027头）的2倍。综合分析表明，芒果园种植大叶油草有利于增强节肢动物群落稳定性，减少害虫、提高天敌的种群数量、便于发挥天敌的自然控制作用，是一种较好的绿色防控措施。

关键词：芒果;节肢动物;多样性

中图分类号：S181      文献标识码：A

Abstract： In order to explore the effects of carpet grass planting on the arthropod community in mango orchard， the arthropod community structure was compared with the traditional clean cultivation habitat. Species， quantity， species diversity and community stability of arthropods in the two different habitats from August 2018 to June 2019 were analyzed. The results showed that the number of species and individuals in mango orchards under carpet grass habitat were about 2 times of those under clean cultivation. The diversity index and community stability were significantly higher than those of clean cultivated habitats. In terms of pest subcommunities， the number of pests in the clean cultivated habitat （4730） was about 2 times that in the carpet grass habitat （2027）. Comprehensive analysis showed that planting carpet grass in mango orchard could enhance the stability of arthropod community， increase the number of natural enemies and exert the natural control function of natural enemies， which is a good green prevention and control measure.

Keywords： mango; arthropods; diversity

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.01.037

我国芒果产业的迅速发展，在提高当地农户收入和改善当地农业结构中发挥了重要作用[1]，目前芒果种植面积位于我国热带水果前五位[2]。在芒果产业发展过程中，芒果园害虫的暴发日益频繁，尽管采用了各种防治方法，但还是以化学防治为主，长期大量使用化学农药造成害虫抗药性上升、再生猖獗以及农药残留的3R问题，影响芒果的产量和品质，进而影响整个芒果产业的健康发展[3]。

已有研究表明，通过改善果园的生境，替代单一种植生产的方式，可丰富果园生态系统的食物链、食物网，为天敌增加多种取食来源并提……