赵春梅 张永发 罗雪华 薛欣欣 王文斌 吴小平 罗梁元 Didier Lesueur

摘  要：本研究运用Biolog-Eco微平板培养技术对海南橡胶人工林4种母质（花岗岩、玄武岩、变质岩和浅海沉积物）发育土壤微生物群落功能特征进行研究，同时测定土壤理化特性，探究不同母质发育橡胶人工林土壤微生物群落的代谢活性和功能特征及其与土壤理化性质的相关性。结果表明：不同母质之间橡胶人工林土壤理化性质存在显著差异，总体上玄武岩土壤肥力水平最高，其次是浅海沉积物和变质岩，花岗岩最低;随着培养时间的延长，土壤微生物吸光值（AWCD）逐渐增加并在216 h达到最大值，土壤碳源利用能力也逐渐增强并趋于稳定;花岗岩和浅海沉积物发育土壤中微生物利用碳源功能强于变质岩和玄武岩;橡胶人工林土壤微生物群落碳源代谢对碳水化合物类、氨基酸类和羧酸类较强，对胺类和多聚物类较弱;土壤微生物吸光值（AWCD）、均匀度（McIntosh指数）和优势度（Simpson指数）均与土壤孔隙度、有机碳、全氮、pH值、碳氮比等理化因子显著相关;孔隙度、pH值、全氮是影响土壤微生物功能多样性的主要环境因子。

关键词：橡胶人工林;成土母质;Biolog-Eco;微生物功能多样性;土壤肥力

中图分类号：S714.3      文献标识码：A

Abstract： We analyzed the functional characteristics of the soil microbial community of the rubber plantation among four typical parent materials in Hainan， including granite， basalt， metamorphic rock and shallow marine deposit， by the Biolog-Eco method. Soil physicochemical properties were measured to explore the correlations with the metabolic activity and functional characteristics of the soil microbial community. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil physicochemical properties among parent materials in rubber plantation. On the whole， the physicochemical property level of basalt soil was the highest， followed by shallow sea sediments and metamorphic rocks， and granite was the lowest. With the extension of culture time， soil microbial average well color development （AWCD） gradually increased and reached the maximum value at 216 h， and soil carbon source utilization capacity also gradually increased and tended to be stable. Microbial utilization of carbon source in soils developed in granite and shallow sea sediments was stronger than that in metamorphic rocks and basalts. The utilization carbon capacity of the soil microbial communities in rubber plantation was strong for the sources of carbohydrates， amino acids， carboxylic acid， but the capacity of using amines and polymers was poor. The results also showed that the soil microbial community carbon source metabolic capacity （AWCD）， McIntosh index and Simpson index were significantly correlated with soil porosity， organic carbon， total nitrogen， pH， C：N and so on. Meanwhile， the porosity， total nitrogen and pH were the main fertility factors which affecting the functional diversity of the soil microorganisms.

Keywords： rubber plantation; parent material; Biolog-Eco; microbial functional diversity; soil fertility

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.01.038

土壤微生物是土壤生物地球化學循环中最核心的组成部分，也是土壤生物化学性质的关键成分[1]。土壤中存在着种类丰富和数量极其庞大的微生物，到目前为止，已经被描述出来的微生物大约有5000种[2]。土壤生态系统中存在大量微生物群落不仅对土壤的形成发育、物质转化和肥力演变等过程具有重大影响，对土壤的物质循环和能量流动也起着非常重要的作用[3]。……