陈炽争 叶土生 宋遇文

摘要：详细介绍杜鹃叶山茶Camellia azalea与传统茶花品种的6个杂交组合获得的其中10个四季茶花新品种的观赏属性。这些品种不仅花色艳丽、花型各异、开花稠密，而且叶片浓绿、生长旺盛、开花期长，夏季始花，秋、冬盛花，翌年春季仍能零星开花。对2个四季茶花杂交新品种及其传统茶花亲本材料在炎夏和严冬极端气温下的表现进行观测，结果表明四季茶花新品种在耐晒、抗热方面优于传统茶花品种，而在抗寒方面与传统茶花品种相差不大;冬季极端低温不低于-5℃地区，仍然是四季茶花适宜栽培区。

关键词：四季茶花;杂交组合;杜鹃叶山茶;观赏属性;抗逆性

中图分类号：S688

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1671-2641（2021）06-0068-06

收稿日期：2021-03-31

修回日期：2021-05-07

Abstract： The ornamental attributes of 10 new Camellia cultivars that bloom year-round which were obtained from 6 cross-combinations between Camellia azalea and traditional Camellia cultivars were described in details. These cultivars not only are very beautiful in their flowers color， different forms in their flowers shapes and blooming densely， but also have dark green leaves， growing vigorously， long blooming period which starts to bloom in summer， peak blooming from autumn to winter and sparsely blooming in the spring of following year. Based on the survey results of two new Camellia cultivars and their cross-parents which are traditional Camellia materials under the extreme air-temperature in hot summer and cold winter， it has been shown that the new Camellia cultivars are better than the traditional Camellia cultivars in sun-resistance and heat-resistance， and there is no difference between them in cold resistance. The areas where the extreme low-temperature in winter is not lower than -5℃ are suitable for cultivation of the new Camellia cultivars.

Key words： New Camellia cultivars that bloom year-round; Cross-combination; Camellia azalea; Ornamental attributes; Stress resistances

四季茶花新品種系指我国首先成功培育的一类能够四季开花的茶花品种类群[1]。该品种群是通过我国特有、能够四季开花的杜鹃叶山茶Camellia azalea[2～4]和国内外传统茶花品种（即世界上现有的红山茶品系、滇山茶品系、怒江红山茶品系等不具杜鹃叶山茶血统的茶花品种）之间杂交获得。2016年，正式公布的四季茶花新品种数量已达217个[5]。这些新品种颠覆了千百年来人们对茶花开花期的认知，推动了我国茶花的定向育种，加快了赶超世界同行的步伐，而且已经开始应用于园林美化中[6]。

为了进一步推动四季茶花在园林上的广泛应用，本文依据抗逆性及观赏性，选取杜鹃叶山茶与传统茶花的6个杂交组合得到的10个四季茶花新品种，简要地介绍它们的园林观赏属性及园林应用建议;同时选取2个杂交新品种进行观测，详细讨论其抗逆性。……