某型无人机前起落架摆振分析
2021-02-11王格何乐儒
王格 何乐儒




摘要:起落架摆振是指飞机在着陆滑跑时前起落架机轮(或主起落架机轮)所发生的偏离机轮中立位置,同时在侧向和扭转方向出现剧烈的相互耦合运动的振动现象。在摆振设计中,应该选择合适的起落架参数,使得在整个滑跑参数范围内,机轮是摆振稳定的,并具有充分的稳定裕度。但是,单纯地依靠起落架本身的结构参数,往往不足以防止摆振。例如,稳定距增大到一定程度可以防止擺振,但对起落架受载和转弯操纵非常不利。迄今为止,防止摆振最有效的方法是减摆器装置。该文对某型无人机前起落架进行摆振分析,并验证减摆器的可行性。
关键词:起落架摆振 减摆器装置 减摆阻尼 无人机
中图分类号:V217 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-3791(2021)12(a)-0000-00
Vibration Analysis of the Front Landing Gear of a Certain Type of UAV
WANG GeHE Leru
(Department of Aircraft, Chinese Flight Test Establishment, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710089 China)
Abstract: Landing gear shimmy refers to the deviation of the front landing gear wheel (or the main landing gear wheel) of the aircraft from the neutral position of the wheel when the aircraft is landing. The vibration phenomenon of violent mutual coupling movement occurs in the lateral and torsional directions. In the shimmy design, appropriate landing gear parameters should be selected so that the wheel is shimmy stable and has a sufficient stability margin within the range. However, relying on the structural parameters of the landing gear itself is often insufficient to prevent shimmy. For example, increasing the stability distance to a certain extent can prevent shimmy, but it is very unfavorable to the loading of the landing gear and the turning maneuvering. So far, the most effective way to prevent shimmy is the damper device. This article analyzes the front landing gear of a certain type of UAV and verifies the feasibility of the damper.
Key Words: Landing gear shimmy; Damper device; Damping;Unmanned aerial vehicle
摆振现象的研究起源于法国学对汽车前轮摆振[1]的研究,近些年航空业的发展使得飞机起落架的摆振问题成为飞机设计中的热点[2]。Moreland[3]和Smiley[4]分别针对弹性轮胎的力学性能对摆振影响提出了不同的轮胎变形假设——轮胎点接触理论和张线理论,这两种模型也成为了沿用至今的两种经典摆振轮胎理论。后来学者们认识到除了轮胎的力学性能之外,机轮的间距[5]、侧向刚度[6]、机轮的转动惯量与支撑重量同样影响起落架的稳定性。国内外学者开展了一系列对飞机起落架摆振问题的研究。Daniel J[7]通过自适应特征结构分配理论探索避免起落架摆振的方法。冯飞、常正与聂宏[8]采用分岔分析起落架的结构参数与几何参数对摆振稳定性产生的影响,研究防摆阻尼[9]中各因素的作用,分析了摆振的极限环频率、过渡状态的摆振各自由度振动频率,建立了考虑机身运动与弹性的全机摆振动力学模型。……
