气候难民权利保护及救济路径探究
2021-02-11何晴
何晴
摘要:工业革命以来,伴随科学技术不断发展,气候环境问题越来越严重。由气候变化而导致的海平面上升、极度干旱等问题逐渐出现在人们视野,气候难民也由于极端天气而大量涌现。气候难民的转移安置和权利保护问题因环境恶化逐渐为学者们关注。而现如今由于气候难民国际法地位模糊、有救助义务的国家出于国家利益考量而不愿承认难民身份等原因,气候难民的权利很难受到保护。因此,他们有必要采取一系列切实可行措施维护其合法权益,保护他们也是保护我们自己。
关键词:气候难民国际法 人权保护 国家责任
中图分类号:
D996.9文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-3791(2021)12(a)-0000-00
Research on the Protection and Relief Path of Climate Refugees' Rights
HE Qing
(School of Grammar, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110870 China)
Abstract: Since the industrial Revolution, with the continuous development of science and technology, climate and environmental problems have become more and more serious.Rising sea levels, extreme droughts and other problems caused by climate change are emerging, and climate refugees are emerging in large numbers due to extreme weather.Due to the deterioration of the environment, the relocation of climate refugees and the protection of their rights have gradually attracted the attention of scholars.However, the rights of climate refugees are difficult to be protected due to the ambiguous status of climate refugees in international law and the reluctance of countries with assistance obligations to recognize refugee status for the sake of national interests.Therefore, it is necessary for us to take a series of practical measures to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.
Key Words:Climate Refugee; International Law; Protection of Human Rights; State Responsibility
1 概念界定
工業革命以来国际社会经济政治迅猛发展,人类生活水平得到显著提升。在经济不断发展的同时环境保护也不容忽视,如今二氧化碳等温室气体随着工业发展而大量排放,权威气候科学证据已经表明,全球气候变暖确定性的不断增加给自然环境带来了诸多不利影响[1]。气候变化使土地沙漠化、海平面上升,大量环境问题不断涌出。世界气象组织2021年发布的《2020年全球气候状况》一文从8个方面说明全球气候变化状况,并指出人类日常生产活动是导致全球气候变化的主要原因,他们应当对气候变化造成的影响加以重视。基于此,“气候难民”一词逐渐出现在公众视野。
在界定气候难民之前,该文有必要对“难民”概念进行分析。“难民”一词最早仅包含为躲避政治迫害而远走异国的群体。……
