段丽丽 曹红杏 章婷 丁璇 骆冬梅 熊迎春

[摘要] 目的 探討尿毒症患者接受维持性血液透析治疗期间的心理护理方法，评价其对于患者焦虑情绪的影响。方法 选取2018年1月至2020年9月期间于我院接受维持性血液透析治疗的84例尿毒症患者作为研究对象，应用随机数字表法，分为观察组（心理护理干预+常规护理）和对照组（常规护理）各42例，比较两组患者的焦虑情绪、睡眠质量、并发症发生率、治疗依从性、生活质量。 结果 观察组患者护理后的焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分、匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）评分明显低于对照组（P<0.05），观察组护理后生活质量量表（SF-36）评分高于对照组（P<0.05），观察组患者的治疗依从性优良率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论 尿毒症患者接受维持性血液透析治疗期间，根据患者的心理特点，应用心理护理方法，消除患者的焦虑情绪，减少焦虑情绪对于患者睡眠质量和生活质量的影响，提高其治疗依从性，为维持性血液透析治疗的安全、顺利进行提供保障。

[关键词] 心理护理;尿毒症;维持性血液透析;焦虑情绪

[中图分类号] R692.5          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）35-0179-04

Effect of psychological nursing on the anxiety of maintenance uremic hemodialysis patients

DUAN Lili   CAO Hongxing   ZHANG Ting   DING Xuan   LUO Dongmei   XIONG Yingchun

Department of Nephrology， Jiujiang University Affiliated Hospital， Jiujiang   332000， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the psychological nursing methods of uremic patients during maintenance hemodialysis treatment and evaluate its influence on the anxiety of patients. Methods A total of 84 uremic patients who received maintenance hemodialysis in our hospital from January 2018 to September 2020 were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into the observation group （psychological nursing intervention + routine nursing） and control group （routine nursing）， 42 cases in each group. The anxiety， sleep quality， incidence rate of complications， treatment compliance， and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） score and Pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI） score after nursing in the observation group were statistically significantly lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）. The post-nursing quality of life scale （SF-36） score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The excellent and good treatment compliance rate in the observation group was statistically significantly higher than that in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion During maintenance hemodialysis treatment for uremic patients， according to the psychological characteristics of patients， psychological nursing methods are applied to eliminate the anxiety of patients， reduce the impact of anxiety on the sleep quality and quality of life of patients， improve their treatment compliance， and provide a guarantee for the safety and smooth progress of maintenance hemodialysis treatment.

[Key words] Psychological nursing; Uremia; Maintenance hemodialysis; Anxiety

尿毒症发生于肾脏疾病终末期的综合病症，患者的肾脏发生不可逆损伤。尿毒症患者的肾功能基本丧失，并会出现代谢紊乱、内分泌失调等情况，造成大量代谢废物潴留体内，严重危害患者的健康[1]。在尿毒症的治疗中，主要通过维持性血液透析的方式，替代肾脏功能，用于调节水、电解质酸碱平衡，将代谢产物、毒性物质清除，进而达到维持生命的目的。……