张绪萍

摘要：旨在明确不同剂量杀虫剂对甘蓝主要害虫小菜蛾的防治效果，从而选择最佳使用剂量。2019年在山东省莒南县以25 g/L多杀霉素悬浮剂和1%甲氨基阿维菌素微乳剂为试材，采用田间试验的方法测得防效数据。结果表明：25 g/L多杀霉素悬浮剂有效成分18.75～25 g/hm2、1%甲氨基阿维菌素微乳剂有效成分1.5～2.25 g/hm2，能够有效防治甘蓝小菜蛾，药后3天防效分别为87.74%、91.86%、76.87%、83.46%，药后7天防效分别为90.68%、95.40%、85.79%、90.58%。其中供试药剂二高剂量均显著高于低剂量。药后7天，25 g/L多杀霉素悬浮剂25 g/hm2防效最高，达95.40%，多杀霉素防效略高于甲氨基阿维菌素。供试药剂可作为防治甘蓝小菜蛾的安全高效理想药剂，药后7天防效均达85%以上，建议二者交替使用防止产生抗药性。

关键词：杀虫剂；剂量；25 g/L多杀霉素悬浮剂；1%甲氨基阿维菌素微乳剂；甘蓝；小菜蛾；防治效果

中图分类号：S482.3文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2020-0166

25 g/L Spinosad Suspension and 1% Emamectin Benzoate Microemulsion： Control Efficacy on Plutella xylostella in Cabbage

Zhang Xuping

（The Center of Agricultural Technology Extention of Junan County in Shandong Province， Junan 276600， Shandong， China）

Abstract： The aim of the study is to identify the control efficacies of different dosages of pesticides on diamondback moth （Plutella xylostella） in cabbage and to select the optimum dosage. A field trial was conducted with 25 g/L spinosad suspension and 1% emamectin benzoate microemulsion in Junan County， Shandong Province in 2019. The results showed that the Plutella xylostella was controlled effectively by 25 g/L spinosad suspension with 18.75-25 g/hm2and 1% emamectin benzoate microemulsion with 1.5-2.25 g/hm2. The control efficacy was 87.74%， 91.86%， 76.87% and 83.46% respectively after three days of application and was 90.68%， 95.40%， 85.79% and 90.58% respectively after seven days of application. For 1% emamectin benzoate microemulsion， the control efficacy of higher dosage was better than that of lower dosage. 25 g/L spinosad suspension with 25g/hm2had the best control efficacy， which could be up to 95.40% after seven days of application. The control efficacy of 25 g/L spinosad suspension was slightly better than that of 1% emamectin benzoate microemulsion after seven days of application. In conclusion， the two pesticides can be used as safe， effective and ideal pesticides， and their control efficacies were both above 85%. It is suggested that the two pesticides are used alternately in order to avoid resistance.

Keywords： Pesticide； Dosage； 25 g/L Spinosad Suspension； 1% Emamectin Benzoate Microemulsion； Cabbage； Plutella xylostella； Control Efficacy

0引言

小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella ）隸属鳞翅目，菜蛾科（Plutellidae），主要为害十字花科蔬菜。以幼虫取食叶片，将叶片吃成孔洞和缺刻，危害严重时全叶片被吃成网状[1]，小菜蛾具有很强的繁殖能力和环境适应能力，极易产生抗药性，现已成为抗药性最严重、最难防治、危害十字花科蔬菜最严重的害虫之一[2-3]，保守估计全球每年用于小菜蛾防治的总费用高达40亿～50亿美元[4]。目前针对小菜蛾仍以药剂防治为主，近年来小菜蛾对常规农药的抗药性加强，导致其危害日趋加重，同时，由于小菜蛾的危害，虫粪污染严重，导致成品率下降，商品性较差，农户收入降低[5]。山东省莒南县常年种植蔬菜面积在6666.67 hm2以上，其中甘蓝种植面积占十分之一以上，近年来有种植面积增加的趋势。……