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蒙古黄芪苗期立枯病害及其病原菌鉴定

2021-01-18陈爱昌王艳霞漆永红罗宁李惠霞

农学学报 2021年9期

陈爱昌 王艳霞 漆永红 罗宁 李惠霞

摘要:为明确蒙古黄芪苗期立枯病害及其病原菌种类,采用组织分离法进行病原菌分离,并根据其培养性状、形态学和分子生物学rDNA-ITS特征进行鉴定。结果表明,该病害的病原菌为立枯丝核菌(Rhizotonia solani)。室内致病性测试结果表明,立枯丝核菌可引起蒙古黄芪苗期立枯病。本研究首次报道了蒙古黄芪苗期立枯病及其病原菌,可为生产上该病害的防治提供理论依据。

关键词:苗期;蒙古黄芪;立枯病;病原鉴定;致病性测定

中图分类号:S436.429文献标志码:A论文编号:cjas2020-0082

Identification of Rhizoctonia solani and Its Pathogen in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus Seedling Stage

Chen Aichang1, Wang Yanxia2, Qi Yonghong3, Luo Ning4, Li Huixia4

(1Dingxi Station of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Dingxi 743000, Gansu, China;

2Dingxi Station of Rural Energy, Dingxi 743000, Gansu, China; 3Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; 4College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China)

Abstract: In order to clarify the pathogen and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus seedling stage, the pathogen was isolated by tissue isolation method and identified according to its culture traits, morphology and molecular biological characteristics. The results showed that the disease pathogens were identified as Rhizotonia solani. This study first reported Rhizoctonia solani and its pathogen in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus seedling stage, which could provide a theoretical basis for the control of the disease in production.

Keywords: Seedling Stage; Astragalus menbranaceus var. mongholicus; Rhizoctonia solani; Pathogen Identification; Pathogenic Testing

0引言

黄芪(Astragalus menbranaceus)是豆科黄芪属多年生草本植物,有蒙古黄芪(Astragalus menbranaceus var. mongholicus)和膜荚黄芪(Astragalus menbranaceus)[1],以干燥的根入药,具有补气固表、利尿托毒、排脓、敛疮生肌等功效[2]。蒙古黄芪原产于山西、内蒙、河北、陕西和甘肃等地。甘肃省陇西县是国内主要的道地黄芪产区之一,具有品质优和产量高等特点,被中国特产组委会命名为“中国黄芪之乡”。随着甘肃省黄芪人工栽培面积的逐年扩大、黄芪连作生长环境的改变和土壤病原菌数量的不断积累,黄芪病害已成为制约其产量增加和品质提升的重要因素之一。

关于黄芪的一些病害国内学者有研究。陈宏宇等[3]对黄芪根腐病的发病因素进行调查,结果发现,温湿度、土壤质地、茬口对黄芪根腐病的发生都有一定的影响,连作是黄芪根腐病发生的主要因素之一,轮作对根腐病的防治作用明显。据报道[4-9]黄芪根腐病的主要病原菌为尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporium)、茄病镰孢……

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