付尧 尹晶萍 赵泽华 王蕾

摘要：文章基于游客意愿，采用层次分析法和德尔菲法，构建以保护区资源特征、基础设施建设条件、管理服务方式、社会环境条件4个方面为准则层的自然保护区露营适宜度评价体系。经计算可知，指标体系的准则层权重排序为保护区资源特征（0.539 3）>社会环境条件（0.244 4）>保护区基础设施条件（0.113 5）>保护区的管理服务方式（0.102 8）。这说明保护区良好的自然资源是游客主要的露营动机，并影响露营访客对露营地的满意度及对露营地的选择;保护区周边地区的社会环境条件在游客心里占有重要比重;而对于保护区的基础设施条件与管理服务方式重视度不高。基于评价体系，以黑龙江南瓮河国家级自然保护区为例，对其露营适宜度进行综合评价，结果得分为0.76分，位于评价等级四级区域，表明游客以露营为目的的到访意愿较为强烈，适宜在保护的前提下适度开展露营项目。研究结果可快速有效地定量评估游客是否愿意以露营为目的到访保护区，避免盲目对保护区进行露营开发，对于其他保护区露营活动开展的调研具有较强的借鉴和推广价值。

关键词：自然保护区，露营，层次分析法，德尔菲法

DOI： 10.12169/zgcsly.2020.04.02.0002

Abstract： The paper uses the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and Delphi method and sets up an evaluation system of the nature reserve suitability for camping based on the tourists willingness， which is composed of 4 criterion layers including resource attributes， infrastructure conditions， management service mode and social environment conditions. After calculations， the resource attributes obtain the highest weight value at 0.539 3， followed by social environment conditions （0.244 4）， infrastructure conditions （0.113 5） and management service mode （0.102 8）. It can be seen that the good natural resources condition in the reserve is the main motivation for tourists to camp， which affects their satisfaction over and choice of camping areas， and the social environment conditions in the surrounding areas of the reserve also play an important role in influencing the choices of tourists， while the infrastructure conditions and the management service mode are the factors less considered by tourists. The comprehensive evaluation indicates that the total score of environmental suitability of the Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang for camping is 0.76， falling into Grade IV. This result indicates that tourists have a strong willingness of camping in the nature reserve， and therefore moderate development of camping tourism is suitable under the premise of protection. The research results can make a quick and effective quantitative evaluation of whether tourists are willing to visit the reserve for camping， so as to avoid blind camping area development in the reserve. This study provides a good reference and promotion value for the investigation of camping activities in other reserves.

Keywords： nature reserve， camping， analytic hierarchy process， Delphi method

露營旅游是生态观光、自然教育、户外旅游、体育竞技的有效载体，是户外休闲的重要组成部分[1-2]，是接近自然的最好方式，一般由露营活动和住宿2个部分组成。与其他传统旅游形式相比，露营旅游的内容及形式复杂多样、自主与随意性强、风险系数相对较高[3]。……