李燿成 朱韵奇 王云才

摘要：关于人类在绿色环境中获得积极心理影响的研究已表明，绿地能够引起明显的精神复愈，但植物多样性是否是其中一个因素尚不明确。文章以上海浦东陆家嘴段滨江绿地为例，用16个植物多样性指标与市民精神复愈值进行关联研究，分析环境复愈性品质是否受到植物多样性影响，比较不同类型指标的解释度差异，并在控制前端的条件下，探讨植物物种种类与数量对提升复愈性品质的效果。结果表明：感知的植物多样性与实测的植物多样性指标相比，前者与使用者精神复愈相关性更强;实测指标中，数量特征指数（香农指数、优势度指数）和性状多样性指标（常绿落叶比、色彩丰富度）是较好的解释指标;不同受访者的背景也会对结果产生影响，累积更多环境经验的市民精神复愈效果更好;此外，植物种数对复愈性环境品质提升效果存在阈值，在半径20m范围内种植20到45种植物对精神复愈效果最佳，香樟和三色堇是上海地区提升复愈性品质的良好物种。

关键词：植物多样性，精神复愈，滨江绿地，种植设计，上海

DOI： 10.12169/zgcsly.2021.03.15.0001

Abstract： Studies on the positive psychological impact of human beings in green spaces have shown that green spaces are able to bring in obvious spiritual restoration， but whether plant diversity is one of the factors is still unknown. Taking the waterfront green space at Lujiazui section of Pudong District， Shanghai， this paper analyzes whether plant diversity influences qualities of restorative environment through the correlation study of perceptual recovery effect of citizens using 16 plant diversity indicators， compares the interpretation degree of different kinds of indicators， and discusses the effect of species category and quantity on improving users spiritual restoration with the controlled before study. The results show that plant diversity perceived is more correlated to spiritual restoration than measured indicators. Among the measured indicators， the quantitative characteristic index （Shannon index and dominance index） and character diversity indicators （evergreen defoliation ratio and color richness） are better explanatory indexes for perceptual recovery. The backgrounds of respondents will affect the results. Citizens with more environmental experience tend to gain better spiritual restoration. In addition， there is a threshold for the effect of plant species quantity on the improvement of restorative quality. 20 to 45 categories of plants within a radius of 20m has the best effect on spiritual restoration. Cinnamomum camphora and Viola tricolor are good species to improve restorative quality in Shanghai.

Keywords： plant diversity， spiritual restoration， waterfront green space， planting design， Shanghai

新冠肺炎疫情的全球蔓延讓人类产生了普遍心理应激反应，情绪与心理失衡成为长期封禁管理下的又一突出公共卫生事件，缓解焦虑、促进心理恢复引起了学界的再次关注。自Ulrich[1]报告“窗外的风景能加速患者的康复”开始，大量学者对能有效缓解心理和生理压力的疗愈环境进行了研究，并指出公共绿地是其中的重要组成部分，它能通过促进压力缓解和疲劳恢复显著改善市民的心理状态。……