李健 王美娜 赵美丽 李鹤娟 胡玥 陈建兵

摘 要：石斛属（Dendrobium）是兰科植物中的第二大属，很多石斛属植物是传统的名贵药用植物，具有良好的抗肿瘤作用。近年来石斛属植物抗肿瘤研究取得了显著进展，该文对石斛属植物的抗肿瘤主要活性成分、提取方法以及抗肿瘤机制等方面进行了归纳。石斛属植物抗肿瘤主要活性成分有多糖、生物碱、菲类、联苄类、芴酮类化合物等，抗肿瘤作用机制主要有增强机体免疫力、抑制癌细胞增殖、促进癌细胞凋亡、调控或阻滞癌细胞周期、抗氧化和清除自由基、改变信号通路传导等。在此基础上，进一步提出加强对石斛属植物抗癌方面的深入研究，挖掘更多的石斛属药用资源及其特征成分，深入解析它们的抗肿瘤作用机制，建立全面的评价体系，为开发石斛属植物抗癌药物提供理论基础，为合理、有效地利用石斛属资源提供科学依据。

关键词：石斛，抗肿瘤，活性成分，作用机制

中图分类号：Q946

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1000-3142（2021）10-1730-16

Abstract：Dendrobium is the second largest genus of Orchidaceae. Many species of Dendrobium are traditional valuable medicinal plants and have pharmacological activities in antitumor. In recent years，remarkable progress has been made in the antitumor researches of Dendrobium species. The main antitumor ingredients，extraction methods and antitumor mechanisms of Dendrobium species were summarized in this paper. The main antitumor active ingredients of Dendrobium are polysaccharides，alkaloids，phenanthrenes，benzyls and fluorenones. The antitumor mechanisms of Dendrobium species mainly include enhancing body immunity，inhibiting proliferation of cancer cells，promoting apoptosis of cancer cells，regulating or blocking cancer cell cycle，antioxidation and scavenging free radicals，and changing signal pathway conduction. Based on previous researches，we further proposed that much more effort are needed on the antitumor researches of Dendrobium species. For example，exploring more antitumor Dendrobium resources and their characteristic ingredients，analyzing their antitumor mechanism，and establishing comprehensive evaluation system. This article could provide experimental and theoretical foundations for developing new antitumor medicine from Dendrobium species，and provide scientific basis for the rational and effective utilizatin of Dendrobium resources.

Key words：Dendrobium，antitumor，active ingredient，mechanism of action

石斛屬（Dendrobium）是兰科（Orchidaceae）植物中的第二大属，种类繁多，常附生于海拔较高的林中树干或湿润岩石上，喜半荫环境，广泛分布于亚洲、澳大利亚、欧洲等地（Chen et al.，2009）。Flora of China记载我国石斛属有78种，主要分布于云南、贵州、广西、广东、海南和台湾等地（Chen et al.，2009）。中医药著作记载石斛具有生津益胃、益精强阴等药理作用（国家中医药管理局，1999）。近年来，石斛属植物的药用价值，特别是其在抗肿瘤活性方面的作用逐渐受到国内外研究者的重视。……