徐辉 李长华

[摘 要]对外贸易竞争力是一个国家或地区在国际竞争力的基础上建立起来的。发展对外贸易，黑龙江省拥有区位条件、自然文化资源、人力资源、政策支持等诸多优势因素，借助“一带一路”政策，黑龙江省充分利用这些优势，从加大政策支持力度，提升通关便利化，坚持出口市场多元化战略等方面提升对外贸易竞争力，进而推动经贸快速发展。

[关键词]对外贸易;对外贸易竞争力;区位优势;电子商务;市场多元化

[中图分类号] F74             [文献标识码] A             [文章编号] 2095-3283（2020）09-0066-03

Abstract： Foreign trade competitiveness is the ability of a country or region to maintain the continuous growth of foreign trade and obtain profits on the basis of international competitiveness. In the international market， the competitiveness of foreign trade is also the main content and important form of international competitiveness. Since the policy of the Belt and Road begins to carry out ， the implementation of policy advantages has laid the foundation for the development of Heilongjiang's foreign trade. Heilongjiang Heilongjiang has the advantage of geographic conditions， natural resource， human resource and the policy support. With the policy of One Belt， One Road， Heilongjiang has made full use of these advantages to enhance Heilongjiang's foreign trade competitiveness， from improving electronic customs clearance， establishing and improving e-commerce service system to adhering to the diversification strategy of export market， further promoting the rapid development of local economy and trade.

Key Words： Foreign Trade; Foreign Trade Competitiveness; Location Advantage; E-Commerce; Market Diversification

一、对外贸易竞争力的涵义

对外贸易竞争力是指一个国家或地区在国际竞争力的基础上建立起来的，能够保持本国或地区对外贸易持续增长并获取利润的能力。一个国家或地区对外贸易竞争力通常包括两个方面的内容，一是该国家或地区是否拥有向众多国家持续、大量出口的能力;二是该国家或地区在出口过程中是否能够获得大量的贸易利益或经济利益。对外贸易竞争力是一国或地区在对外贸易活动过程中，所表现出来的参与国际分工和国际竞争的能力，在国际市场上体现为市场份额不断扩大，获得利润不断增加，对外贸易竞争力也是国际竞争力的主要内容和重要表现形式。

二、黑龙江省对外贸易竞争力的主要影响因素分析

（一）区位条件因素

区位条件对地区经济的发展具有重要影响，黑龙江省与俄罗斯的五个州毗邻，区域条件对黑龙江省的经济及外贸的影响巨大。……