孟春丽 曹机良

摘要： 为了解不同环境温度和湿度条件下常见天然纤维的吸湿、放湿速率和平衡规律，文章研究了环境温度和相对湿度对棉、羊毛、蚕丝的吸湿速率与回潮率的影响，同时研究了环境相对湿度对上述三种纤维放湿速率和放湿平衡后纤维最终含水率的影响。借鉴染色动力学公式计算出纤维的吸湿/放湿速率常数、半吸湿/放湿时间和平衡吸湿/含湿量。研究结果表明：三种天然纤维的吸湿性能高低为羊毛>蚕丝>棉，纤维的吸湿速率随相对湿度的增加而降低，随吸湿温度的升高而增加，但吸湿量随相对湿度的增加而升高，随吸湿温度的升高而降低;纤维的放湿速率和放湿量均随湿度的增加而降低。

关键词： 天然纤维;吸湿;放湿;动力学;回潮率

Abstract： In order to understand the moisture absorption/releasing rate and equilibrium law of common natural fibers under different temperature and humidity conditions， the effects of temperature and humidity on moisture absorption rate and moisture regain of cotton， wool and silk were studied. Besides， the influence of relative humidity on moisture releasing rate and the moisture content of the above fibers after moisture releasing and balance was researched. The moisture absorption and releasing rate constant， half moisture absorption/releasing time， equilibrium moisture absorption and moisture content were calculated by dyeing kinetics formula. The results showed that the moisture absorption properties of the three natural fibers were sorted as below： wool>silk>cotton. The absorption rate increased with the rise of temperature and decreased with the rise of relative humidity. However， the moisture absorption capacity of the three fibers decreased with the increase of temperature and increased with the increase of relative humidity. Both the moisture releasing rate and capacity decreased with the increase of relative humidity.

Key words： natural fiber; moisture absorption; moisture releasing; kinetics; moisture regain

当今人们对穿着的要求已经不单是保暖，除了注重服装的款式造型，也越来越重视服装的舒适性[1-2]。而服装的舒适性除了与织物组织结构有关外，还与织物本身的纤维组成有直接关系，因为纤维本身的吸湿性强弱将决定服装的整体舒适性[3-4]，而纤维本身的放湿速率将决定服装的吸湿快干性和洗涤干燥速率[5-6]。随着合成纤维织物性能不足的日益凸显，天然纤维织物的优良性能更受大众喜爱[7-8]。对常用天然纤维棉、羊毛纤维和蚕丝吸湿及放湿动力学的研究，有助于人们更好地了解不同温度和湿度条件下纤维的吸湿速率、汗湿织物的快干性能及洗涤织物的干燥速率[9-10]。

本研究采用……