APP下载

族群记忆与认同:红瑶服饰工艺及其文化象征意味解读

2020-08-31黄三艳刘世军

丝绸 2020年8期

黄三艳 刘世军

摘要: 针对红瑶服饰的制作工艺与文化内涵,文章从象征人类学的视角出发,采用文献研究法、田野考察法、图像学方法,考察了红瑶女装的装饰特色、制作工艺与图案意味。研究发现:红瑶服饰集织、染、绣于一体,制作工艺与众不同。研究表明:红瑶妇女之所以那么执着于本民族的服饰打扮,是因为穿瑶衣就是对瑶族文化的认同与坚守。她们用服饰打扮,以及服饰上的图案纹样如“漂洋过海纹”“老虎爪印”等,共同构筑起一道族群记忆的城墙,承载的是她们对祖先、对族群的记忆与认同。

关键词: 红瑶服饰;族群认同;象征人类学;文化记忆;织锦;靛染;腰织

Abstract: For the craftsmanship and cultural connotation of Hongyao clothing, the decorative features, the craftsmanship and pattern meaning of Hongyao clothing were analyzed from the perspective of symbolic anthropology with the method of field investigation, document research and iconology. The research shows that Hongyao clothing integrates weaving, dyeing and embroidery and that the craftsmanship is unique. The reason why Hongyao women are so attached to the dress and adornment of their own nationality is that wearing Yao dress is an identification with and adherence to the culture of Yao nationality. They dress up in costumes and the patterns on the clothing such as "cross-ocean pattern" and "tiger paw prints" build a wall of ethnic memory. It carries the memory and identity of their ancestors and their ethnic group.

Key words: Hongyao clothing; ethnic identity; symbolic anthropology; cultural memory; brocade; indigo dyeing; waist weave

在少数民族地区,服饰不仅是一种御寒护肤的工具,也是象征不同族群文化的身体装饰,被誉为“第二皮肤”。红瑶服饰则是中国少数民族服饰文化中一颗璀璨的明珠,它以其独特的“红”引起了国内外学者的关注,并于2014年12月入选第四批国家非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。笔者以“红瑶”为关键词,在中国知网上进行文献检索,共检索到220余篇相关论文,其中集中研究红瑶服饰的论文有20余篇。学者们主要从服装款式、服饰工艺、装饰纹样及文化传承等方面对红瑶服饰展开了研究,其中聂郁琴[1]考察了红瑶的织锦工艺及其文化内涵;梁汉昌[2]分析了红瑶服饰文化的源流及其历史变迁;王熙兰[3]整体上考证并分析了红瑶的红色服饰文化特征。另有學者冯智明[4]从身体人类学的角度出发,探讨了其作为社会身份标记在红瑶社会生活的文化意义;还有的学者则注重从旅游开发的角度来论述其策略。……

登录APP查看全文