林凯歌 陈诚 张毅

摘要： 梳理烟台手工棒槌花边的技艺与文化艺术传承现状，借助活态保护理念以烟台本土地缘环境特色、观光旅游资源、本土民间工艺美术技法、非遗乡村振兴与非遗职业教育策略为基本元素，对烟台手工棒槌花边进行再造展开思考。得出導致烟台手工棒槌花边非遗传承和生产经营处于渐趋困境局面的根由，并提出利于其困境破局的合理对策。认为文创化转型、打造“非遗小岛”、规范教育培养后备力量并使其与现代文化产业复合，是促进烟台手工棒槌花边制作技法与文化艺术内涵良性存续和传承发展的有效途径。

关键词： 烟台手工棒槌花边;传承困境;活态保护;再造思考;转型发展

Abstract： Inheritance state of skills and culture of Yantai hand-made bobbin lace as an intangible cultural heritage was systematically summarized. Based on ideas of active state protection， reconstruction of Yantai hand-made bobbin lace was studied from the following basic elements： geographical environment characteristic of Yantai， sightseeing resource， local folk arts and crafts， revitalization of intangible cultural heritage village and vocational education strategy for intangible cultural heritage. The reasons why the inheritance， production and operation of Yantai hand-made bobbin lace is in the plight were obtained， and the rational countermeasures were proposed. It is believed that， cultural and creative transformation， building an island of intangible cultural heritage， standardizing education to cultivate reserve forces and making them compound with modern cultural industries are effective ways to facilitate inheritance and development of skills and cultural connotation of Yantai handmade bobbin lace.

Key words： Yantai handmade bobbin lace; inheritance plight; active state protection; reconstruction analysis; transformation development

英国传教士马茂兰夫妇本着耶稣基督救济困苦的教义及为教会开设洋行培养花边从业人员的目的，手工棒槌花边首次在近代烟台地区进行了大面积教授和传播[1-2]。伴随马茂兰夫妇基于仁德洋行已有的营销资本与花边产品对美、日等其他国家的手工业贸易市场进行开拓与营销，加之培真女校的运作模式使得手工棒槌花边的生产经营得到进一步推广，在此期间手工棒槌花边逐步形成了带有浓烈本土民间传统审美元素及艺术风格的改良化产品[3-4]。欧洲传统手工棒槌花边经烟台本土民间技艺改良后摒弃宗教色彩，以更能被东方视角所接受的艺术图样如吉庆花卉、祥瑞动物、和美祈愿作为花边镂空结构……