不同灌水量、施氮量对南疆盐渍化地区棉花生长的影响
2020-08-23朱航飞周保平唐梓涯高黎明
朱航飞 周保平 唐梓涯 高黎明
摘 要:土壤水分和氮肥用量是影响南疆盐渍化地区植物生长的重要因素。为明确不同灌水量和施氮量对南疆盐渍化地区棉花生长的影响,以中棉所43为研究对象,分别在3种灌水[高水(WH,4700m3/hm2)、中水(WM,4100m3/hm2)、低水(WL,3500m3/hm2)]和3种施氮[高氮(NH,360kg/hm2)、中氮(NM,260kg/hm2)、低氮(NL,160kg/hm2)]处理下测定分析棉花的生长指标(株高、茎粗和叶面积)。结果表明:WHNM处理的棉花株高最高(73cm),棉花茎粗最粗(10.4mm);WHNH处理下,棉花叶面指数最大(4.8)。综合分析WHNM处理下棉花生长最佳。
关键词:棉花;灌水量;施氮量;生长指标
中图分类号 S562;S147.35文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2020)15-0058-03
Abstract: Soil moisture and nitrogen fertilizer are important factors affecting plant growth in salinized areas of southern Xinjiang. In order to clarify the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen application rates on the growth of cotton in the salinized area of South Xinjiang, Zhongmian Institute 43 was selected as the research object, growth Indexes (plant height, stem diameter and leaf area) of cotton were measured and analyzed under three irrigation treatments: High Water (WH,4700m3/hm2) , medium water (WM,4100m3/hm2), low water (WL,3500m3/hm2) , high nitrogen (NH,360kg/hm2) , medium nitrogen (NM,260kg/hm2) and low nitrogen (NL,160kg/hm2) . The results showed that under WHNM treatment, the height of cotton reached the highest 73cm, the stem diameter was 10.4mm under WHNM treatment, and the leaf index was 4.8 under WHNH treatment. Comprehensive Analysis showed that WHNM was the best treatment for cotton growth.
Key words: Cotton; Nitrogen Application; Irrigation; Growth index
棉花是國家战略物资储备之一,也是当前南疆地区种植的主要作物[1]。南疆地区土地盐渍化较为严重,不利于植物生长,给农民的收成带来一定负面影响[2-3]。作物生产中,不合理的灌水和施氮会导致氮素淋失或在作物根部积累,影响作物产量[4]。
国内学者研究了不同氮素水平和灌溉方式对作物生长的影响,有效推动了种植业的发展。马腾飞等[5]研究了施氮量对膜下滴灌棉花生长发育及土壤硝酸氮的影响,表明N350(359kg/hm2)处理效果最佳,施氮量在327.70~340.67kg/hm2时能有效提升肥料利用率,促进棉花高产。雷在新[6]研究了膜下滴灌处理下不同的灌水量对棉花生长和水分利用效率的影响,表明1760m3/hm2灌水处理是一种耗水量较低但棉花产量和水分利用率较高的滴灌模式。解婷婷等[7]研究了不同施氮量下干旱胁迫对棉花生长及种内关系的影响,发现在当地施氮量(300kg/hm2)和中度干旱胁迫下,棉花能够获得较高的籽棉产量,且棉花种内关系为助长关系。……
