黄忆 陈锦英

[摘要] 目的 探讨结构式心理干预对乙型肝炎患者负性情绪和自我健康管理行为的影响。 方法 方便选取2018年7—12月在该院感染性疾病科住院的乙型肝炎患者117例。按随机数字表的方法分为观察组（n=61例）和对照组（n=56例），对照组实施普通护理，观察组患者在给予普通护理的同时给予结构式心理干预措施。对患者干预前后的症状自评量表（SCL-90）及自我管理行为进行比较。 结果 干预后观察组的SCL-90各维度中人际敏感（1.5±0.4）分、抑郁（1.4±0.5）分、焦虑（1.7±0.5）分、敌对（1.7±0.5）分均比对照组明显低，差异有统计学意义（t=4.012、3.911、3.864、4.112，P<0.05）。且干预后观察组患者自我管理行为的评分均明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 结构式心理干预可有效改善乙型肝炎患者的负性情绪，提高患者自我管理健康行为能力。

[关键词] 结构式心理干预;乙型肝炎;负性情绪;自我管理健康行为

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of structural psychological intervention on negative emotions and self-health management behaviors of patients with hepatitis B. Methods A total of 117 patients with hepatitis B who were admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases of the hospital from July to December  2018 were selected. According to the method of random number table， they were divided into observation group （n=61 cases） and control group（n=56 cases）. The control group was given general care. The patients in the observation group were given structural psychological intervention while giving general care. The self-assessment scale （SCL-90） and self-management behavior of patients before and after intervention were compared. Results The interpersonal sensitivity （1.5±0.4）points， depression （1.4±0.5）points， anxiety （1.7±0.5）points， and hostile （1.7±0.5） points in the SCL-90 dimensions of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after the intervention，the difference was statistically significant（t=4.012， 3.911， 3.864， 4.112， P<0.05）. And the scores of self-management behavior in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group after intervention，the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion Structural psychological intervention can effectively improve the negative emotions of patients with hepatitis B， and improve the ability of patients' self-management and healthy behavior.

[Key words] Structural psychological intervention; Hepatitis B; Negative emotions; Self-management healthy behaviors

乙型肝炎是我國发病最多的一种传染病，病程较长、易传染、易反复。大多数乙肝最后发展为肝硬化、肝衰竭、肝癌等[1]。肝炎患者会出现焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪。有研究表明负性的情绪会对影响机体的免疫，影响机体功能，进一步危害患者的身心健康[2]。结构式心理干预由专门的医护人员对患者进行心理评估，并有针对性地给予患者健康教育及心理支持[3]。故该文方便选取2018年7—12月在该院收治的117例患者为研究对象，探讨结构式心理干预对乙肝患者负性情绪及自我管理健康能力的影响，报道如下。

1  资料与方法

1.1  一般资料

方便选取在该院感染科住院的乙型肝炎患者117例。其中男94例，女23例;年龄20～74岁。按随机数字表的方法分为两组。其中观察组61例，男50例，女11例;平均年龄（39.06±9.01）岁;平均病程（1.59±0.35）年。对照组56例;男44例，女12例;平均年龄（37.88±8.34）岁，平均病程（1.44±0.55）年。……