徐林 王灵秋 龚玲 谢朋亮 张倩 彭明虎 李显娱

摘 要：目的：通過对安顺市售饮料中合成色素检测分析，了解市售饮料中合成色素添加使用现状。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法对484份样品中的7种人工合成色素进行检测，用SPSS 22.0统计软件分析相关数据。结果：各合成色素最高检出率分别为柠檬黄91.2%、诱惑红76.5%、日落黄35.8%、胭脂红30.0%、苋菜红27.3%、靛蓝8.1%、亮蓝3.1%;除茶饮料检出率最高为胭脂红外，其余饮料检出率最高均为柠檬黄。各类饮料中合成色素单因子指数P单和综合指数P综均<1。功能饮料、碳酸饮料和果汁饮料检出2种最高，分别为86.2%、54.5%、52.9%;茶饮料、果味饮料和自制饮料检出1种最高，分别为100%、49.6%、70%。各采样点果味类饮料合成色素检出率差异具有统计学意义（χ2=8.536，P<0.05）;外地和本地同类饮料中合成色素检出率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：调查显示，7种合成色素在安顺市售饮料中添加使用较常见，且在不同类别的饮料中添加使用存在差别。合成色素在各类饮料中不论是单独还是混合添加使用，其添加用量均处于安全水平。部分厂家标签管理不规范。

关键词：合成色素;添加;饮料;市售

Abstract：Objective： Through the detection and analysis of the synthetic pigment in the beverage sold in anshun city， the present situation of the use of synthetic pigment in the beverage sold in anshun city was understood. Methods： A total of 484 drinks were randomly collected from different places in the main urban area of anshun city. Seven kinds of artificial synthetic pigments were detected by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， and the relevant data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Results： The highest detection rates of all synthetic pigments were lemon yellow 91.2%， luring red 76.5%， sunset yellow 35.8%， carmine 30.0 %， amaranth 27.3%， indigo 8.1% and bright blue 3.1%， respectively. Except for tea beverage， the highest detection rate was carmine red， and the highest detection rate of other beverages was lemon yellow. In all kinds of beverages， the single factor index P单 and the comprehensive index P综 are less than 1. The detection of energy drinks， carbonated drinks and fruit drinks was the highest （86.2%， 54.5%， 52.9%）. One kind of tea beverage， fruit-flavored beverage and homemade beverage were the highest detected， which were 100%， 49.6% and 70%， respectively. The detection rate of synthetic pigment in fruit-flavored beverages at each sampling point was statistically significant （χ2=8.536， P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of synthetic pigment between foreign and local beverages （P>0.05）.Conclusion： The investigation shows that seven kinds of synthetic pigments are commonly used in beverages sold in anshun， and there are differences in the use of different types of beverages. The amount of synthetic pigment is safe in all kinds of drinks， either alone or in combination. Some manufacturers label management is not standard. It is suggested that relevant departments continue to strengthen supervision and management， especially the supervision of drinks around the school.

Key words：Synthetic pigment; Add; Drinks; Commercially available

为改善食品感官、增强食欲，人们常向其中添加食用色素。食用色素分为合成色素和天然色素[1]。合成色素是以苯、甲苯和苯胺等为原料通过化学方法合制而成[2-3]。与天然色素相比，合成色素具有色泽鲜艳、性质稳定、着色力强、价格低廉和产量大等优点而被广泛应用于食品加工行业[4-6]。目前检测合成色素常用的方法主要有高效液相色谱法[1-3][5-9]和液相色谱-质谱联用法[10-12]等。毒理学研究发现，某些合成色素有致癌性或慢性毒性，过量添加使用会对人体产生毒害作用[13]，因此需严格控制其使用范围和用量。当今社会，饮料已成为人们饮食生活中不可或缺的部分，因此饮料安全引起了人们的广泛关注，尤其人工合成色素添的加使用情况。……