慢性肾脏病患者并发蛋白质-能量消耗的诊治进展
2020-06-08张歆琦于文华史应进
张歆琦 于文华 史应进
【摘要】 近年来,虽然慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)在治疗手段上取得了一定的成果,但蛋白质-能量消耗(protein-energy wasting,PEW)在CKD患者尤其是终末期肾脏病(ESRD)患者中仍然广泛存在。目前PEW发病机制未完全明确,可能与食欲调节中枢抑制、蛋白质分解代谢增强、内分泌功能紊乱、营养物质透析时丢失有关。作为患者身心健康的拦路石,其与患者预后不良密不可分,极大地提升了患者的住院率以及病死率。所以选择合适的干预措施尤为重要,本文就近年来PEW干预措施的研究进展展开综述。
【关键词】 慢性肾脏病 蛋白质-能量消耗 干预措施
Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Protein-energy Wasting in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease/ZHANG Xinqi, YU Wenhua, SHI Yingjin. //Medical Innovation of China, 2020, 17(13): -163
[Abstract] In recent years, although chronic kidney disease (CKD) has made some achievements in the treatment, but protein-energy wasting (PEW) is still widely available for patients with CKD, especially for those with end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). The pathogenesis of PEW is not completely clear, which may be related to inhibition of appetite regulation center, enhancement of protein catabolism, endocrine dysfunction, and loss of nutrients during dialysis. As a roadblock to patients physical and mental health, it is closely related to poor prognosis of patients, which greatly influences the rate of hospitalization and mortality of patients.So choosing appropriate interventions is particularly important.This paper reviews the recent progress of PEW interventions.
[Key words] Chronic kidney disease Protein-energy wasting Interventions
First-authors address: Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.13.040
一項国内的横断面调查研究显示,我国慢性肾脏病总患病率可达10.2%~11.3%,且仍在逐年递增,这在人口基数庞大的我国影响不容小觑[1]。而20%~25%早期到中期的CKD患者会出现营养及代谢紊乱等问题,这一问题在终末期肾脏病(ESRD)患者中体现更为显著,可达75%[2]。为了描述患者的消瘦、营养供给不足及微炎症等病理状态,国际肾营养与代谢学会(ISRNM)首次提出的一个相关术语—蛋白质-能量消耗(PEW),是指CKD患者发生的多种营养代谢和分解性改变,研究表明蛋白质-能量消耗不仅与营养摄取不足与丢失过多相关,还与应激反应、高代谢状态、炎症反应、酸中毒、透析过程中失血及电解质、蛋白等营养物质的丢失关系紧密[3]。正是由于其发病原因的多样性、复杂性、长期性导致CKD患者的住院率和病死率久居不下,降低了患者生存质量[4],所以及早诊断、积极治疗对并发PEW的CKD患者尤为重要。……
