外泌体及其在心血管疾病发生发展中的作用研究进展
2020-06-08王云溪陈宁
王云溪 陈宁
【摘要】 外泌体是由多种细胞释放的纳米级脂质囊泡,能够通过他们的载体介导细胞间信号和通讯。免疫细胞介导的免疫反应在心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化等多种心血管疾病的进展中也起着重要而复杂的作用,越来越多的研究表明,从免疫细胞中提取的外泌体对这些病理状态显示出多效性作用,但上述机制尚未得到充分的证实与解释。在这篇综述中,笔者首先描述了外泌体的生物发生、成分和生物学特性,然后讨论了免疫细胞来源的外泌体在心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化、高血压内皮功能障碍等心血管疾病中的作用,免疫细胞来源外泌体作为一种活跃的细胞间通讯体,在心血管疾病中具有广阔的应用前景。
【关键词】 外泌体 免疫细胞 心血管疾病
Research Progress on Exosomes and Its Role in the Occurrence and Development of Cardiovascular Diseases/WANG Yunxi, CHEN Ning. //Medical Innovation of China, 2020, 17(13): -159
[Abstract] Exosomes are nanoscale lipid vesicles released by a variety of cells, which can mediate intercellular signal and communication through their carriers. Immune cell-mediated immune response also plays an important and complex role in the development of myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. More and more studies have shown that exosomes extracted from immune cells have multiple effects on these pathological states, but the above mechanism has not been fully confirmed and explained. In this review, the authors first describes the biogenesis, composition and biological characteristics of exosomes, and then discusses the role of immune cell derived exosomes in cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. As an active intercellular communicator, immune cell-derived exosomes have wide application prospects in cardiovascular diseases.
[Key words] Exosomes Immune cells Cardiovascular disease
First-authors address: Graduate School, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014010, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.13.039
尽管在过去的十年中,许多发达国家的心血管疾病(CVD)死亡率有所下降,但在大多数发展中国家,心血管疾病仍然是导致死亡的主要原因[1]。尽管已经建立了通过恢复正常心脏解剖结构的方法来减轻急性心肌梗死时的心肌损伤,但仍需要新的治疗方法将心肌损伤之后的心肌重构最小化,以防止动脉粥样硬化的慢性进展[2]。外泌体是细胞经过“内吞-融合-外排”等一系列调控过程而形成的细胞外纳米级小囊泡,外膜由质膜起源的脂质双分子层组成,包含多种多样的载体,如蛋白质、mRNA和miRNA,保护他们免受酶的降解[3]。根据外泌体的组成,外泌体被认为在组织微环境间传递细胞间信息[4],越来越多的研究表明,免疫细胞来源的外泌体可以促进心脏的修复和再生,目前,外泌体在心血管疾病中的潜在作用正在探索中。……
