经皮左心耳封堵术的现状
2020-06-08孙启帆吴铿
孙启帆 吴铿
【摘要】 左心耳是在生理上有多种功能的左心房盲端结构,然而绝大多数房颤患者的心房血栓产生于左心耳内,血栓脱落栓塞是其严重并发症,具有较高的致死率和致残率。长期口服抗凝和外科手术切除左心耳的治疗方法由于其局限性和安全性,治疗往往难以达到要求,因此经皮左心耳封堵术成为高出血评分房颤患者的一种新选择。本文主要对左心耳与血栓形成相关的生理學、解剖学,经皮左心耳封堵术的优势、目前主流的封堵器、经皮左心耳封堵术的安全性和有效性的探讨以及未来的发展展望等方面进行了综述。
【关键词】 心房颤动 血栓栓塞 经皮左心耳封堵术 左心耳封堵器
Status of Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion/SUN Qifan, WU Keng. //Medical Innovation of China, 2020, 17(13): -168
[Abstract] The left atrial appendage is the blind end structure of the left atrium, which has many physiological functions. However, most of the atrial thrombus in the patients with atrial fibrillation is generated in the left atrial appendage, and the thrombus-shedding embolism is a serious complication of them cause the high morbidity and disability rate. Chronicoralanticoagulation and resection of left atrial appendage by surgery, however, both of them are difficult to meet the requirements because of theirs limitations and security. Therefore, percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (PLAAO) become a new option for patients with atrial fibrillation and a high risk of bleeding. This article to summarize the physiology and anatomy of tarombokinesis in left atrial appendage, the advantages of PLAAO, the current mainstream of left atrial appendage oeeluders, the safety and effectiveness of PLAAO and the development prospect of PLAAO in the future.
[Key words] Auricular fibrillation Thrombembolia Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion Left atrial appendage oeeluders
First-authors address: Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.13.041
心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)是最常见的心律失常之一,在人群中发病率为1%~2%,而在65岁以上老年人发生率可高达5.9%,80岁以后更是达到10%~17%[1-2]。房颤是脑卒中的独立危险因素[3]。目前作为美国心脏病学会(ACC)、美国心脏协会(AHA)以及心律协会(HRS)的共同推荐,临床中评估长期口服抗凝(chronic oral anticoagulation,OAC)的潜在效益大多依照血栓栓塞危险评分(CHA2DS2-VASc)。但由于抗栓抗凝药物易受出血风险、药物禁忌、患者依从性差等因素制约,特别是老年体弱、心衰、糖尿病、肝肾功能不全的患者,往往不能达到理想的效果。左心耳(left atrial appendages,LAA)是左心房(left atrium,LA)的部分盲端结构,其大多数沿LA前侧壁向前下方延伸,生理形态呈细长、弯曲状。LAA具有舒缩、分泌等多种生理功能,尤为重要的是,LAA承担缓冲LA内压力以及充盈左心室(left ventricle,LV)的作用[4]。然而据相关研……
