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阻尼合金在切削工具中的应用仿真研究

2020-05-21霍桂臣刘宝会冀璞光郄彦辉王乃亮殷福星

河北工业大学学报 2020年2期
关键词:稳定期有限元振动

霍桂臣 刘宝会 冀璞光 郄彦辉 王乃亮 殷福星

摘要 数控机床的外圆车刀在工作时振动会严重影响加工精度,降低车刀使用寿命。基于有限元数值仿真,研究了在刀杆上添加锰铜阻尼合金材料来减小切削振动的新方法,深入分析了不同添加方案。研究结果表明:刀杆上下两面各添加1.5 mm阻尼合金层,在稳定期减振效果最为显著,输出点稳定期加速度均方根值降为原输出值的30.86%,刀杆上下两面各添加4.5 mm阻尼合金层,横向贯穿边长为8 mm阻尼合金方柱时,输出点衰减期加速度均方根值降为原输出值的40.40%

关 键 词 阻尼合金;有限元分析;减振;加工精度;车刀

中图分类号 TG145     文献标志码 A

Application simulation of damping alloy in cutting tools

HUO Guichen1, LIU Baohui1, JI Puguang2,3,4, QIE Yanhui1,

WANG Nailiang5, YIN Fuxing2,3,6

(1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; 2. Research Institute for Equipment Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; 4. Cangzhou Hegong Science and Technology Park Construction and Investment Co Ltd,Cangzhou,Hebei 061000, China; 5. Tianjin Silvery Dragon Prestressed Materials Co Ltd, Tianjin 300400, China; 6. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China)

Abstract The vibration of the outer circular lathe tool in the CNC machine will seriously affect the processing precision and reduce the service life of the lathe tool. Based on the finite element numerical simulation, a new method was proposed by adding Mn-Cu damping alloy on the cutter rod to circumvent the cutting vibration. Different additions are analyzed in depth. The results of the study are as follows: when 1.5 mm damping alloy layers are added to the upper and lower sides of the knife pole, the effect of vibration damping is the most remarkable in the stable period, and the root mean square value of the acceleration of the output point is reduced to 30.86% of the original output value; when 4.5 mm damping alloy layers are added to the upper and lower sides of the cutter bar, while the lateral penetration is 8 mm damping alloy square columns, the root mean square value of the acceleration of the output point is reduced to 40.40% of the original output value.

Key words damping alloy; finite element analysis; vibration damping; machining precision; lathe tool

0 引言

机械加工制造业的发展对加工精度的要求越来越高,为达成高质量的切削工件,切削时的精度尤为关键。影响切削加工精度的主要原因之一就是切削振动,如果能降低切削振动,不仅能够提高加工精度,并且还能延长车刀的使用寿命,减少噪音改善工人的工作环境。为此各国工程技术人员开展了大量的理论与应用研究工作,Bediaga等[1]通过改变切削控制参数来抑制切削振动,此法对于机床电机及供电线路的负荷有较大要求,而且改变切削控制参数通常会降低机械加工效率。Altintas等[2]提出了一种振动抑制算法,输入整形滤波器避免了结构模式的激发,但以增加跟踪和轮廓误差为代价。Zatarain[3]提出了机床主轴转速变化的频域分析理论,但整个理论实用性较差。瑞典Sandvik公司在刀杆中加入阻尼动力吸振器,在实际切削过程中已经可以取得很好的效果,但是该装置受工作频率与环境温度影响很大,而且使用寿命不长。……

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