朱博 孟垂舟 关玉明 郭士杰

摘要 锌空气电池具有能量密度高、安全可靠、环境友好和成本低廉等优势，而柔性可充电锌空电池更是有望作为可穿戴设备的新一代匹配电源，近些年其研究与开发受到广泛关注。本综述首先简要介绍锌空电池的结构与机理，总结实现可充电的锌负极、电解液和空气极的材料设计与制备方法;其次，阐述锌空电池的柔性化设计理念，并介绍柔性可充电锌空电池的最新研究成果;最后，讨论柔性可充电锌空电池未来实用化过程中所面对的科学与技术问题，并提出展望。

关 键 词 锌空气电池;双功能空气催化剂;锌枝晶;二次电池;柔性;可编织;可拉伸

中图分类号 TM911.41     文献标志码 A

Recent advances in flexible rechargeable zinc-air batteries

ZHU Bo1，2，3， MENG Chuizhou1，2，3， GUAN Yuming3， GUO Shijie1，2，3

（1. State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment， Hebei University of Technology， Tianjin 300130， China; 2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction， Hebei University of Technology， Tianjin 300130， China; 3. School of Mechanical Engineering， Hebei University of Technology， Tianjin 300130， China）

Abstract Zinc-air batteries have the advantages of high energy density， safety， reliability， environmental friendly and low cost. Due to its promising candidacy as next-generation power source for wearable electronics， the development on flexible rechargeable zinc-air batteries has been drawing great attention. In this review， we firstly made a brief introduction on the configuration and operation principle of zinc-air battery followed by a summary on the material design and fabrication technique of zinc anode， electrolyte and air cathode. Then， we discussed the design rationalism of flexible zinc-air battery with examples of various prototypes of flexible rechargeable zinc-air battery reported in recent literature. Finally， we discussed the challenging scientific and technical problems that need to be solved in order to realize practical application.

Key words Zinc-air battery; bifunctional air catalyst; Zinc dendrite; rechargeable; flexible; weavable; stretchable

0 引言

锌空气电池，是以金属锌为负极、氧气为正极活性物质的金属空气电池。一次锌空电池于19世纪晚期出现，20世纪30年代实现产品商业化[1]。锌空电池的理论能量密度为1 086 Wh·kg-1，约为商用锂离子电池的5倍[2]。锌空气电池的负极金属锌廉价易得、放电产物氧化锌可完全回收，且其正极空气无成本且可无限供应，因此其成本可低至70美元/kWh[3]，远低于锂离子电池产品。锌空电池的电流密度较低，更加适用于能量密度需求高、功率要求低的应用場景，如作为助听器电源、紧急照明装置等[4]。近些年，锌空电池作为一种能量密度高、成本低的绿色可持续能源，引起科研人员的广泛关注[5]。

锌空电池的可充电实现对于推动锌空电池大规模应用具有重要意义。……