甜瓜属新型作物
2020-05-21王吉明尚建立李娜周丹马双武
王吉明 尚建立 李娜 周丹 马双武


摘 要: 火参果是我国近年来引进和栽培的新型瓜类水果作物,具有坐果能力强、果实外观漂亮、风味独特、经济效益高和发展前景广阔等优点。就火参果遗传多样性及分类地位、种质资源评价与栽培、抗性及其利用、营养和药用功能成分方面回顾了国内外研究进展,并对火参果栽培技术要点进行总结。此外,由于目前的火参果鲜食品质难以满足大众化的消费需求,市场空间较为有限,制约了火参果产业的进一步发展,提出了解决这个问题相关的建议,旨在为促进我国火参果产业发展提供借鉴。
关键词: 火参果;种质资源;利用
中图分类号:S652.9 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2020)04-001-06
Abstract: Horned melon is a new type of crop introduced and cultivated in China in recent years with the advantages of strong fruit setting ability, remarkable fruit appearance, unique flavor, high economic benefit and broad development prospect. To further understand the crop, the research progress of genetic diversity and taxonomic status, germplasm resources evaluation and cultivation, resistance and utilization, nutrition and medicinal functional components of horned melon were reviewed, and the main points of cultivation were also listed in this paper. In addition, the quality of fresh products of horned melon fruit is difficult to meet the popular consumption demand, and the market space is limited, which restrict the further development of horned melon. Therefore, we put forward some suggestions to solve this problems in order to promote horned melon prodcution in China.
Key words: Cucumis metuliferus; Germplasm resources; Utilization
火参果(Horned melon,学名Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin),国内也称角瓜、刺角瓜、非洲角黄瓜、火星果等,甜瓜属植物,为甜瓜或黄瓜的近缘种植物。火参果原产于非洲亚撒哈拉的热带和亚热带地区,一年生植物,蔓具有攀爬特性,表面具有刚毛,根系半木質化;叶片大小在3.5 cm×13.5 cm之间,深绿色,形状为近五边形至心形,边缘具有波状小齿;雌雄同株,雄花单生或簇生,雌花为单性花为主,少数种质为两性花,单生;果实以椭圆形为主,未成熟时为深绿色,成熟后转变为醒目的黄色或橙红色,表面分布有短粗的刺,果肉为果冻状,淡绿色、绿色或翠绿色,带有黄瓜、柠檬混合味道(图1)。自然状态下的火参果植物多分布海拔200~1 100 m的河岸、河床或森林平原的沟壑边缘,在靠近赤道地区的分布上限可达到1 800 m;火参果喜光,可在大多数土壤类型(包括岩石斜坡)上生长,以排水良好的砂壤土、富含有机质的冲积土为佳,能够在年降雨量低至350~550 mm的地区和有灌溉条件的干旱地区生长[1]。……
