东莞制造业转型升级问题及对策研究
2020-04-13陈莹
陈莹
【摘 要】“世界工厂”东莞为广东重要的交通枢纽和对外贸易港口,是第一批国家新型城镇化综合试点地区和广东历史文化名城,创造了无数个“东莞奇迹”。但经历2008年金融危机后,东莞经济实力开始下降,受产业规模成长水平限制,产品竞争力不足,缺乏技术创新能力,大批厂房倒闭,外资、台资撤离,东莞现有的经济发展模式难以为继。东莞要想走出困境,恢复曾经的“世界工厂”地位,就要采取强有力的措施,促进改革创新,成功实现制造业转型升级。
【Abstract】As a "world factory", Dongguan is an important transportation hub and foreign trade port of Guangdong. Dongguan is the first batch of national comprehensive pilot area of new urbanization and famous historical and cultural city of Guangdong, creating numerous "Dongguan miracles". However, after the financial crisis in 2008, Dongguan's economic strength began to decline. Limited by the growth level of industrial scale, lack of product competitiveness, lack of technological innovation ability, a large number of factory closures, withdrawal of foreign capital and Taiwan capital, Dongguan's existing economic development mode is unsustainable. If Dongguan wants to get out of the predicament and restore its status of what was once the "world factory", it must take strong measures to promote reform and innovation and successfully realize the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.
【關键词】东莞市;制造业;转型升级;“互联网+”;双创
【Keywords】Dongguan City; manufacturing industry; transformation and upgrading; "internet+"; mass entrepreneurship and innovation
【中图分类号】F427 【文献标志码】】A 【文章编号】1673-1069(2020)01-0042-02
1 引言
制造业转型升级,是从低附加值产业转向高附加值产业升级,是从高能耗高污染转向低能耗低污染升级,是从粗放型转向集约型升级。
随着经济全球化,受外部经济危机以及内部成本高涨等问题的双重冲击,东莞制造业的低成本比较优势退减,东莞的制造业面临出口锐减、过度依靠港台资本、产业链低端、产品附加值不高、竞争压力过大等一系列的问题[1]。
东莞模式的特点可以概括为本地的土地、标准化的厂房,低成本的劳动力以及外商支应的技术、资金、设备等生产要素外科手术植入式的联合,使东莞近15年来保持年均GDP20%左右的增长[2]。东莞模式目前还存在资源环境瓶颈、东莞的产业主导优势不明显、龙头产业生产效率不高、营利水平低等问题,不仅难以发挥其主导作用,其自身的产业发展后劲也将受到严重影响。……
