不同施肥模式对非洲菊生长发育的影响
2020-03-31刘晨张宁宁夏明霞衡燕瞿辉邵和平
刘晨 张宁宁 夏明霞 衡燕 瞿辉 邵和平



摘要 [目的]筛选提升盆栽非洲菊观赏品质的最优施肥方案。[方法]采用不同氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)配比的花多多水溶性肥料的不同施肥方案,对非洲菊“香槟”营养和生殖生长情况、相对叶绿素含量、病虫害发生率及三大营养元素含量等生理指标进行测定。[结果] 5种施肥方案中,F3(高钾肥模式)处理下,“香槟”的相对叶绿素含量、花蕾数、现蕾率、花朵数、花茎粗及总N、K含量等观赏品质指标均得到显著提高。[结论]该模式可作为盆栽非洲菊生产中的最优施肥方案。
关键词 非洲菊;水溶性肥;施肥方案;生长发育
中图分类号 S 682文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2020)04-0154-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.04.045
開放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Effects of Different Fertilization Patterns on the Growth and Development of Gerbera jamesonii
LIU Chen,ZHANG Ning-ning, XIA Ming-xia et al (Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210046)
Abstract [Objective]To screen out the optimal fertilization scheme affecting the ornamental quality of potted Gerbera jamesonii.[Method]The experiment was carried out with different fertilization scheme by different ratio of nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) water soluble fertilizer.The physiological indexes including growth and development situation,the relative content of chlorophyll,the incidence of pests and diseases,and the content of three major nutrient of Gerbera jamesonii cultivar “Champagne” were measured.[Result]Under the treatment of F3 (high K fertilizer),the ornamental quality indexes such as content of relative chlorophyll,bud number,budding rate,flower number,stem diameter,and total N and K in “Champagne” were significantly improved.[Conclusion]This model can be used as an optimal fertilization scheme in the production of potted Gerbera jamesonii.
Key words Gerbera jamesonii;Water-soluble fertilizer;Fertilization scheme;Growth and development
非洲菊是极受欢迎的观赏切花和盆栽花卉,具有可观的观赏和经济价值[1]。由于非洲菊的花形态多样,且颜色明亮丰富[2],这些年来市场上非洲菊花卉产品的需求,特别是盆栽产品的需求一直在增长[3]。在非洲菊生产过程中,水肥管理是最为重要的环节之一[4]。合理有效的施肥能够使非洲菊植株健壮、叶色浓绿、开花量大且品质高[5]。然而,目前研究主要集中在非洲菊切花生产上,关于盆栽非洲菊的养护管理研究较少[6-7]。非洲菊的施肥研究多为N、P、K的配比研究,早期栽培非洲菊时发现N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.5∶0.5∶2.5时较好[8]。之后这一配比又得到进一步优化,认为19∶6∶17更适宜[9]。但目前的研究很少涉及组合施肥模式,生产上大多停留在依靠实践经验上,缺乏精准化水肥管理技术。随着现代盆栽花卉产业的发展,矮小化、家庭化、精准化栽培提上日程[10],盆栽非洲菊的市场前景广阔,其水肥养护规范也随之成为急需解决问题。……
