邓霏 呼丽萍 邹亚丽 周亚萍 张嘉全

摘要  为了研究EM和木美土里2种生物菌肥对薄层砂砾土质苹果园土壤肥力的影响，以3年生矮化密植苹果园为试验对象，针对2种生物菌肥在2.5、5.0 kg/株2种施肥水平下对0～20 、20～40、40～60 cm 3个土层中土壤pH、有机质、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷及全钾7项理化指标的影响进行试验。结果表明，与CK相比，4个施菌肥处理的土壤pH下降了0.29～0.65，有机质、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷及全钾含量依次提高了1.5%～105.6%、18.4%～99.5%、22.3%～244%、23.8%～76.9%、9%～150%、1.3%～38.9%;木美土里菌肥对全钾的提升效果比EM菌肥突出，而EM菌肥对pH降低和其余5项指标提升的效果比木美土里菌肥突出;2种菌肥在2个施肥水平下，对土壤理化指标的影响无明显差异。

关键词  苹果园;土壤肥力;EM生物菌肥;木美土里生物菌肥

中图分类号  S  144文献标识码  A文章编号  0517-6611（2020）04-0146-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.04.043

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

The Influence of Two Biologic Fertilizers EM and Mumeituli on the Soil Fertility of Apple Orchard

DENG Fei1，2，HU Li-ping1，2，ZOU Ya-li1，2 et al

（1.College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology， Tianshui Normal University， Tianshui，Gansu 741000;2.Gansu Big Cherry Technology Innovation Center，Tianshui，Gansu 741000 ）

Abstract  To study the influence of two biologic fertilizers EM and Mumeituli on the soil fertility of apple orchard with a thin layer of gravel soil， 3-year short-stalk close planting apple orchard was selected as the object，test on the influence of two biologic fertilizers on seven physicochemical indexes including soil pH， organic matter， available phosphorus， available potassium， total nitrogen， total phosphorus and total potassium in the three soil layers of 0-20 ， 20-40 and 40-60 cm under the two fertilization levels of 2.5 kg/plant and 5 kg/plant was carried out. The results indicated that， compared with CK， the soil pH in the three soil layers decreased by 0.29-0.65， while the organic matter， available phosphorus， available potassium， total nitrogen， total phosphorus and total potassium improved by 1.5%-105.6%， 18.4%-99.5%， 22.3%-244%， 23.8%-76.9%， 9%-150% and 1.3%-38.9%， respectively. The increasing effect of Mumeituli on total potassium was more obvious than that of EM， but the decreasing effect of EM on soil pH was more obvious than that of Mumeituli and the increasing effect of EM on the other five indexes was more obvious than that of Mumeituli;the two biologic fertilizers showed no significant differences in the influence of soil physicochemical indexes under the two fertilization levels.

Key words  Apple orchard;Soil fertility;EM bio-bacterial fertilizer;Mumeituli bio-bacterial fertilizer

生物菌肥，是指一類含有特定的活体微生物，并通过其生命活动促进植物营养元素吸收的肥料[1]。其作用机理：改善土壤理化特性、提供植物所需的营养元素和改善植物对营养元素的吸收等;微生物在生长过程中释放激素，刺激作物根系的生长，使作物积累营养成分，最终使产量提高;还可以增强植物抗逆性，抑制病虫害发生，降低产量损失[2-4]。

EM菌肥是一种由光合细菌、放线菌、酵母菌以及乳酸菌等10个属80多种微生物混合培育而成的生物制剂[5]。其菌液中微生物的相互作用，可以改善土壤环境，抑制有害微生物，丰富有益微生物，形成再生机制，溶解磷、钾，固氮，使能量汇集，并改善土壤的酸、碱、黏、沙和易涝、易旱等不良性质，促进团粒化，提高土壤的保水和透气性能[5-7]。……