赵索 樊景胜 连永利 曲忠诚 徐婷 武琳琳 董扬

摘要  选用高淀粉玉米品种鑫鑫一号为试材，通过不同施肥方式的调节，测定玉米产量和根区土壤酶活性，确定齐齐哈尔地区的高淀粉玉米栽培施肥方式。结果表明，处理S1玉米小区产量显著高于其他3个处理（P<0.05）;土壤脲酶活性苗期和拔节期处理T1显著高于其他处理（P<0.05），成熟期处理S1显著高于其他3个处理（P<0.05）;土壤过氧化氢酶活总体呈下降趋势，但成熟期处理T1土壤过氧化氢酶活性反而升高，显著高于其他处理（P<0.05）。土壤脱氢酶活性处理T1显著高于其他各处理（P<0.05）。研究表明，底肥施入量为75 kg/hm2，并深松模式，随深松在垄侧进行尿素追施（尿素追施量为125 kg/hm2）可显著提高高淀粉玉米产量，而有机肥处理可显著改善土壤品质，提高土壤酶活性，但由于后期脱肥，产量不理想。

关键词  高淀粉玉米;产量;土壤酶活性

中图分类号  S  513文献标识码  A

文章编号  0517-6611（2020）04-0138-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.04.041

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on High Starch Maize Yield and Soil Enzyme Activities in Root Zone

ZHAO Suo，FAN Jing-sheng，LIAN Yong-li et al  （Qigihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Qigihar，Heilongjiang  161000）

Abstract  In this experiment，Xinxin No.1 which was a high starch maize variety was selected as the test material.Through the adjustment of different fertilization methods，the yield of maize and the activity of soil enzymes in root zone were determined，and the precise fertilization methods for high starch maize cultivation in Qiqihar region were determined.The results showed that the yield of maize plots treated with S1 was significantly higher than that of the other three treatments （P< 0.05）.Soil urease activity at seedling and jointing stage was significantly higher than that of other treatments （P< 0.05）.Soil catalase activity at maturity stage was significantly higher than that of other three treatments （P< 0.05）.On the contrary，soil catalase activity increased significantly （P<0.05） compared with other treatments.The activity of soil dehydrogenase in treatment T1 was significantly higher than that in other treatments （P< 0.05）.In summary，the amount of base fertilizer was 75 kg/hm2，and the deep-loosening mode.With the deep-loosening urea topdressing on the ridge side （urea topdressing was 125 kg/hm2），the yield of high starch maize could be significantly increased，while the organic fertilizer treatment could significantly improve soil quality and soil enzyme activity，but the yield was not ideal due to the late defertilization.

Key words  High starch maize varieties;Yield;Soil enzyme activity

目前，玉米由單纯产量向定向品质型、专用型转变，实现高产、优质、专用是现代玉米发展的趋势[1]。而在高淀粉玉米生产上采用传统施肥方式将肥料在玉米播种前一次性撒播施入已被农民普遍认可，但施肥方法不科学使得化肥经淋失、挥发等途径损失，不仅造成资源浪费和环境污染[2]，也使玉米生长发育后期发生脱肥早衰，肥料利用率低，造成不同程度的减产[3]。因此，改进化肥施用方式，做到精确施肥，提高肥料利用效率，保证粮食稳产，降低生产成本势在必行。土壤酶是土壤物质循环和能量流动的重要参与者，是土壤生态系统中最活跃的组分之一，它在土壤物质循环、系统稳定性和可持续发展过程中有十分重要的作用[4-5]，与土壤的肥力水平关系密切[6]。笔者以齐齐哈尔地区主栽高淀粉玉米品种为试材，研究4种生产中常用的施肥方式对玉米整个生育期根区土壤酶活性的影响，力求找到适宜该地区的科学合理施肥方式，为高淀粉玉米大田生产提高单位面积的产量及肥料利用率的提高提供依据。……