乔艳艳 吴洁 操宇林 杨兆光

摘要  [目的] 研究不同药剂处理棉种对出苗及苗期病虫害发生的影响。[方法] 采用杀虫剂（吡虫啉、噻虫嗪）与杀菌剂（戊唑·嘧菌酯、多菌灵、枯草芽孢杆菌）等复配成6个处理，通过浸种或拌种等方式对棉种进行处理，以20%福美双·甲基立枯磷悬浮种衣剂包衣、清水浸种为对照，研究不同处理对棉种室内萌发、苗床出苗影响及对苗期主要病虫害防治效果。[结果] 20%噻虫嗪350倍液+80%多菌灵100倍液浸种对种子出苗影响不大，其他5个处理对种子的萌发均有不同程度的抑制作用;6个处理均对苗期病害具有良好的防治效果，其中处理①～④防控效果为85.53%～95.57%，处理⑤～⑥播种21 d后防控效果也在64.14%～79.31%;仅从危害症状上看，含有吡虫啉的处理①～③对棉盲蝽的防治效果高于噻虫嗪。[结论]生产上可根据需要选用处理①～④处理棉种，可有效控制棉田初期病虫害。

关键词  棉花;种子处理;种子萌发;苗期病虫害

中图分类号  S  435.62文献标识码  A文章编号  0517-6611（2020）04-0125-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.04.037

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Different Pharmaceutical Treatments on Breeding of Cotton and Diseases and Pests in Seedlings

QIAO Yan-yan， WU Jie，CAO Yu-lin et al

（Jiangxi Cotton Institute， Jiujiang， Jiangxi 332100）

Abstract  [Objective]To study effects of different pharmaceutical treatments on breeding of cotton and diseases and pests in seedlings. [Method]The experiment used six combinations of insecticides such as imidacrin， thiamazine and fungicide pentazole pyrimidine， polymycin， Bacillus subtilis， etc.， to treat cotton seeds by leaching or mixing. The effects of different treatments on the indoor germination and seedling emergence of cotton seeds and on the control of main pests and diseases in seedling stage were studied by comparing 25% of thioinsects · Lula · frosting suspension coating， 20% of Fumeishuang · methylphosphorous suspension coating and water leaching. [Result] 20% thiamethazine 350 times liquid + 80% polymycelium 100 times liquid leaching had little effect on seed emergence， and the other 5 treatments had different degree of inhibition on seed germination. The six treatments have a good control effect on seedling diseases， of which the control effect of treatment ① to ④ is between 85.53% and 95.57%， and the control effect after ⑤ to ⑥ sowing three weeks is also between 64.14% and 79.31%;From the point of view of the harm symptoms， the treatment of ① to ③ pairs of imidacrin was more effective than that of thiamazine. [Conclusion] The treatment ① to ④ could be selected to treat with seeds，these can control disease and insects during seeding stage.

Key words  Cotton;Seed treatment;Seed germination;Seedling pests and diseases

棉花是我国重要的经济作物，每年棉花因病虫害造成产量损失15%～20%，严重时损失高达50%[1]。苗期病虫害在影响棉花产量严重。其中，苗期病害主要有立枯病、炭疽病、红腐病、猝倒病、黑斑病、褐斑病、枯萎病等，整个苗期均可受侵染，以立枯病和炭疽病为主，造成烂籽、烂芽、烂根、茎腐，严重时出现死苗，造成缺苗断垄。苗期虫害主要有棉蚜、红蜘蛛、地老虎、金针虫、棉蓟马等，其中以棉蚜危害重，常因防治失时或用药不当造成棉苗大面积卷叶，影响其正常生长发育甚至造成棉苗枯死[2]。……