谢彩云 范国华 莫志萍 左相兵 班骞

摘要  为满足生产上对优质苦荬菜新品种的需求，开展苦荬菜地方品种提纯选育，以锦屏地方农家品种为育种材料，以高产、晚熟、叶片宽大、结实性好为主要育种目标，采用混合选择法系統选育而成。锦屏苦荬菜植株直立，抽苔晚，花期均高2.5 m，生育期282 d左右（比对照生育期长54～64 d）。综合性状表现优良，全株生物产量75 861.30 kg/hm2、种子产量123.0 kg/hm2、单株叶片数35.8个/株、茎叶比1.00∶1.32、粗蛋白含量为18.85%、粗脂肪含量为4.65%，均高于龙牧苦荬菜和蒙早苦荬菜。该品种适宜在贵州丘陵山地、中低山地区及我国长江以南、亚热带中低海拔相似气候区种植。

关键词  苦荬菜;品种选育;栽培技术

中图分类号  S  54文献标识码  A

文章编号  0517-6611（2020）04-0092-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.04.027

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Breeding Report on Varieties of Lactuca indica L.Jinping

XIE Cai-yun， FAN Guo-hua， MO Zhi-ping et al  （Guizhou Institute of Prataculture，Guizhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences，Guiyang， Guizhou 550006）

Abstract  In order to meet the demand for new varieties of high quality Lactuca indica L.， local varieties of Lactuca indica L.Jinping were purified and bred， and local farm varieties were used as breeding materials for the experiment. The main breeding goals were high yield， late ripening， wide leaves and good solidity by using the method of mixed selection system. The plant plants of Lactuca indica L.Jinping are erect， late bolting， 2.5 m high at flowering period， and 282 d growth period （54 to 64 d longer than the control）. The comprehensive traits performed well， with 75 861.30 kg/hm2 total plant biological yield， 23.0 kg/hm2 seed yield， 35.8 leaves per plant， 1.00∶1.32 stem to leaf ratio， 18.85% crude protein content， and 4.65% crude fat content， which were all higher than the control Lactuca indica L. Longmu and the Lactuca indica L. Mengzao. Lactuca indica L. Jinping was suitable to be planted in hilly and mountainous areas， middle and low mountain areas in Guizhou， South of Yangtze River and subtropical middle and low altitude similar climate areas in China.

Key words  Lactuca indica L.;Variety breeding;Cultivation technique

苦荬菜（Lactuca indica L.）也称山莴苣，为菊科莴苣属一年生或越年生草本植物[1]。全株含白色乳汁，味苦，茎叶均可利用，原产亚洲，我国野生种分布广泛，几乎遍布全国。苦荬菜在江苏、浙江、湖南、湖北、四川、云南、广东、广西、贵州等省（区）大面积种植，近年来已北移到河北、山西、内蒙古、吉林和黑龙江等地[1-2]。苦荬菜在贵州野生分布广泛，但优良地方品种锦屏苦荬菜（Lactuca indica L.Jinping）与当地野生种存在较大差异，是20世纪50年代由贵州省锦屏县平略镇“放排汉子”从湖南引入当地种植，用于养猪和养鱼。由于苦荬菜长势和品质好，附近群众自发引种试种，后逐渐扩散到锦屏县及周边地区，目前在锦屏及周边区域的农贸市场都有种苗及种子销售，已成为当地饲养猪、鱼、鹅、兔等畜禽的重要饲料作物之一[3]。……