杨思雨 谌婕妤 焦雪敏 王文荟 尹述政 许峰 黄运新

摘要  為明确长湖流域农田地表径流氮磷流失特征，了解高风险种植模式，以荆州市沙市区为例，采用流失系数法和遥感数据分析相结合进行了研究。结果表明，研究区7个乡镇农场农田地表径流氮、磷总流失量分别为539 023、19 850 kg，其中岑河镇最高，分别占沙市区氮、磷流失总量的45%、43%;沙市农场氮流失强度最高，立新乡磷流失强度最高。全区当季施肥造成的氮、磷流失分别占农田流失总量的28%、23%。15种种植模式中，氮、磷流失最大的模式分别为平地-旱地-大田、平地-水田，分别占农田流失总量的44%、46%。3种坡度中，平地的农田地表径流氮、磷流失量最大，分别占农田流失总量的91%、89%，陡坡地最小。4种土地利用类型中，旱地的农田地表径流氮、磷流失量分别占农田流失总量的49%、36%，水田分别占农田氮、磷流失总量的44%、53%。沙市农场和立新乡分别是氮、磷流失高风险区，平地-旱地-大田、平地-水田分别是氮、磷流失高风险种植模式。

关键词  农田地表径流;种植模式;空间分布;遥感数据; 氮磷流失

中图分类号  S  157.1文献标识码  A

文章编号  0517-6611（2020）04-0059-07

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.04.018

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Analysis of the Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss from Farmland Surface Runoff in Changhu Lake Basin—A Case Study in Shacheng District，Jingzhou City

YANG Si-yu，SHEN Jie-yu，JIAO Xue-min et al  （School of Resources and Environmental Sciences，Hubei University，Wuhan，Hubei 430062）

Abstract  In order to clarify the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from the surface runoff of farmland in the Changhu Lake Basin，and to understand the high-risk planting pattern，taking the Shacheng District of Jingzhou City as an example，a study was conducted using a combination of loss coefficient method and remote sensing data analysis.The results showed that the total loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in 7 towns of the study area were 539 023 and 19 850 kg.The loss in Cenhe Town was the highest among the 7 towns，which accounted for 45% and 43% of the total loss，respectively.Among the 7 towns，Shashi Farm had the highest intensity of nitrogen loss，while Lixin Township had the highest intensity of phosphorus loss.The in-season losses of nitrogen and phosphorus accounted for 28% and 23% of the total losses，respectively.Among the 15 cropping patterns，the patterns with the largest loss of nitrogen and phosphorus were flat-dry land-field and flat-paddy fields，accounting for 44% and 46% of the total losses，respectively.Among the three kinds of slope farmland，the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the flat was the highest，accounting for 91% and 89% of the total loss，respectively，and the steep slope was the lowest.In the four land use types，the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface runoff of dry land accounted for，respectively，49% and 36% of the total loss and the paddy fields accounted for，respectively，44% and 53% of the total nitrogen and phosphorus losses.Shashi Farm and Lixin Township were the high-risk areas，while flat-dry land-field and flat-paddy fields were the high-risk cropping patterns for nitrogen and phosphorus loss.

Key words  Farmland surface runoff;Cropping patterns;Spatial distribution;Remote sensing data;Nitrogen and phosphorus losses

地表径流是农田土壤氮磷进入水体的一个主要途径，也是农业化肥进入水体最直接、最迅速的一种方式，是造成农业面源污染和河流、湖泊等水体富营養化的重要原因[1-3]。农田土壤地表径流氮磷流失的影响因素众多，地形、土地利用类型、耕作方式等因素都会直接或间接影响土壤氮磷流失量[4-6]。……