董灵艳 贾立洪 贾德新 徐光东 袁海涛

摘要  [目的]进一步研究花生地膜覆盖技术，减少白色污染。[方法]采用随机区组设计，研究了地膜的降解进程，并分析了不同地膜覆盖花生处理对花生生育时期、经济性状和产量的影响。[结果]与不覆膜相比，降解地膜和普通地膜更能增加花生出苗率，加快花生生育进程;不同地膜的降解速度按由快到慢依次为降解1号、降解2号、降解3号，其中降解2和3号最后未完全降解。不同处理的产量由大到小依次为降解2号处理、降解3号处理、降解1号处理、不覆膜处理、普通地膜处理;0.01 mm厚度的普通地膜影响花生果针下扎穿透地膜入土和荚果发育，从而造成减产。[结论]花生较宜采用降解2号地膜，但0.01 mm厚度普通地膜不宜全生育期覆盖。

关键词  花生;降解地膜;普通地膜;产量

中图分类号  S  565.2文献标识码  A文章編号  0517-6611（2020）04-0040-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.04.012

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Comparison of Degradation Speeds of Different Films and Their Effects on Major Agronomic Characters of Peanuts

DONG Ling-yan， JIA Li-hong， JIA De-xin et al

（Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Dezhou， Shandong 253015）

Abstract  [Objective] To further study the peanut film technology， and to reduce white pollution. [Method] By using the random block design， the degradation process of plastic films were compared， and the effects of different treatments of peanut covered with degradable film on peanut growth period， economic characters and yield were studied. [Result] Compared with no mulching film treatment， degradable film and common mulching film could increase the seedling rate of peanut and accelerate the growth process of peanut. The film degradation rates from rapid to slow were in the order of degradable film 1， degradable film 2 ， degradable film 3. Among them， degradable films 2 and 3 did not degrade completely at last. The yield  different treatments from high to low was in the order of degradable film 2 ， degradable film 3， degradable film 1， no mulching film and common mulching film . 0.01 mm common film affected peanut gynophore entering into soil at flowering stage and pod development， resulting in yield reduction. [Conlcusion] Degradable film 2 was more suitable for peanut， and the 0.01 mm mulching film was not suitable for covering peanut in the whole growth period.

Key words  Peanut;Degradable mulching film;Common mulching film;Yield

山东省是我国的花生生产大省，花生种植面积和产量分别占全国的1/4和1/3，出口量占全国的60%以上，单产水平稳居全国首位[1]，成为山东主要的油料作物、经济作物和出口创汇作物[2]。由于地膜覆盖栽培技术广泛普及，山东省的花生栽培技术与种植方式居全国领先地位[1]。从1979年开始，山东省对花生进行地膜覆盖栽培试验[3]。在花生生产上，地膜栽培可增温，保墒，保肥，防阔叶杂草和促进花生早发棵，早开花下针，早成熟收获[4]。目前，地膜覆盖栽培占山东省花生种植面积的70%以上。为了降低成本，我国花生覆膜一般使用0.004 mm厚度的超微膜，由于作物收获后无法捡拾，导致土壤中农膜残留量逐年累积，严重影响了花生的产量和土壤环境[5]，造成严重的“白色污染”。……