吕鑫 孙延瑜 闵军 胡晓珂 马莲菊

摘要  多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs）在土壤中分布广泛且存留時间长。利用理化手段去除PAHs不仅价格昂贵，还会对土壤、沉积物以及地下水层等自然环境造成二次污染。生物修复主要是利用微生物代谢多样性降解有害污染物，被认为是最具有前景的修复技术。目前已分离鉴定出多种微生物具有降解PAHs的能力。为了更好地应用微生物修复土壤及环境中的PAHs污染，需要更加深入了解降解过程中微生物代谢途径的生理生化以及分子遗传机制。综述了土壤中多环芳烃的微生物降解，在前人研究的基础上，阐述了不同降解途径对不同分子量多环芳烃的生物代谢转化机理，为提高土壤中降解菌的生物修复能力提供了理论依据。

关键词  多环芳烃;微生物降解;土壤

中图分类号  X 172文献标识码  A

文章编号  0517-6611（2020）04-0001-07

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.04.001

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Review on the Microbial Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil

L Xin1，2，3，SUN Yan-yu2，3，MIN Jun2，3 et al  （1.Shenyang Normal University，Shenyang，Liaoning 110034;2.Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization，Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Yantai，Shandong 264003; 3.Qing-dao Marine Science and Technology Pilot National Laboratory，Marine Biology and Biotechnology Functional Laboratory，Qingdao，Shandong 266237）

Abstract  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are widely distributed in soil and remain for a long time.The use of physical and chemical means to remove PAHs is not only expensive，but also causes secondary pollution to the natural environment such as soil，sediment and groundwater.Bioremediation is mainly the use of microbial metabolic diversity to degrade harmful pollutants，which is considered to be the most promising repair technology.

At present，many microorganisms have been isolated and identified to have the ability to degrade PAHs.In order to better apply microbial remediation of soil and environmental PAHs pollution，it is necessary to further understand the physiological-biochemical and molecular genetic mechanisms of microbial metabolic pathways during degradation.This paper reviewed the microbial degradation of PAHs in soil，elaborated the transformation of mechanisms under different degradation of biological and metabolic pathways for different molecular weight PAHs，which provided a theoretical basis for enhancing the bioremediation ability of degrading bacteria in soil.

Key words  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;Microbial degradation;Soil

多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs）是指具有2个以上苯环的一类有机化合物，PAHs有着分布范围广、污染种类多的特点。随着工业化发展进程不断加快，石油污染和泄漏在开采、加工、运输过程中频繁发生，并在土壤中长期积累且很难被消除，对生态环境以及人类健康造成严重威胁。我国的农田土壤污染也十分严重，周洁等[1]对北京市郊农田土壤进行研究后发现，16种PAHs全部检出的检出率为74.4%，结果表明京郊农田土壤已经受到PAHs污染，具有潜在的生态风险。目前，生物修复是治理PAHs污染的重要方法之一，微生物可利用其作为碳源进行降解，将其转变为无害的无机物质[2]。……