五自由度桌面级多功能机械臂设计
2020-03-13董琦曾繁迪
董琦 曾繁迪



摘 要:随着社会需求的发展,工业机械臂逐渐小型化和轻量化,应用领域也向工业应用以外的其他领域拓展。目前,桌面级机械臂在教育(STEAM、创客)、医疗(辅助化验、手术助手)、科研(激光雕刻、3D打印)等领域均存在潜在市场。五自由度桌面级多功能机械臂在一般四自由度桌面机械臂(肩部转动、大臂摆动、小臂摆动、腕部摆动)基础上,增加腕部转动自由度,实现执行末端的球坐标工作空间,实现多功能设计;采用连杆机构实现小臂摆动,将前三个自由度的驱动电机集中放置,优化机械臂重量分布,从而实现轻量化设计。
关键词:机械臂;五自由度;轻量化;多功能设计
中图分类号:TP241 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-2945(2020)08-0025-02
Abstract: With the development of social demand, the industrial manipulator is gradually miniaturized and lightweight, and the application field is also expanded to other fields other than industrial applications. At present, there is a potential market for desktop robotic arms in the fields of education (STEAM, Maker), medical (auxiliary laboratory, surgical assistant), scientific research (laser carving, 3D printing) and so on. On the basis of the general four-degree-of-freedom desktop manipulator (shoulder rotation, arm swing, forearm swing, wrist swing), the five-degree-of-freedom desktop multi-function manipulator increases the degree of freedom of wrist rotation and realizes the spherical coordinate workspace at the end of the operation. to achieve multi-functional design; The forearm swing is realized by using the linkage mechanism, the driving motors of the first three degrees of freedom are centrally placed, and the weight distribution of the manipulator is optimized, thus the lightweight design is realized.
Keywords: manipulator; five-degree-of-freedom; lightweight; multi-function design
引言
随着社会发展和科技进步,劳动力成本持续增高,各制造强国都在大力发展机械臂(工业机器人)技术。机器人技术是一个多综合、多渗透的技术领域,是目前世界上最前沿的技术之一。目前,除工业界以外,机械臂的应用领域正在向服务业、医疗、教育、办公等领域拓展。
随着《中国制造2025》的出台,STEAM教育、创客教育日益受到教育界乃至整个社会的关注。作为当今最前沿的技术之一,机器人教育是进行STEAM或创客教育的理想载体。但目前成熟的机械臂技术,仍然集中在工业机器人领域(如ABB、KUKA等),它们一般外形尺寸庞大、运行精度高、操作力量大。但它们的价格也很高昂,不利于面向个人、或者小型创客团队直接销售。
近几年市场上也出现了一些桌面……
