新冠肺炎流行后的启示
2020-01-06郭梅吴晋元
郭梅 吴晋元
摘要:2019年末开始流行的因新型冠状病毒引起的新冠肺炎(COVID-19)至今已在全球造成超过5000万人感染,病死人数也达到了近130万。中国在疾病流行,患者救治,综合控制方面已取得了决定性成果。但在全球的某些国家、地区未得到有效控制,甚至还在有一定规模的流行。由此造成的疾病负担,经济损失是近百年来所罕见的。从疾病的流行到目前世界各国对疫情的控制及获得的成效来看,疾病流行的控制与否是一个综合性治理问题,不仅涉及科学问题,也包含了制度,治理理念和方式。
关键词:新型冠状病毒;新冠肺炎;疾病流行
【中图分类号】R-1 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1673-9026(2020)10-218-02
Enlightenment from COVID-19 since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
GUO Mei
Institute of Medical Biology,Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College,Kunming 650118,Yunnan Province,China
Abstract:The novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2,which has been contagious since the end of 2019,and has caused more than 14 million infections and 1.2 million deaths worldwide. China has made decisive achievements in disease epidemic control and patient treatment. However,in some countries and regions in the world,COVID-19 has not been effectively controlled,and even has a certain scale of epidemic. The disease burden and economic loss caused by COVID-19 are seldom seen in the past 100 years. From the epidemic of the disease to the control of the epidemic situation in various countries in the world and the results obtained,the control of the epidemic is a comprehensive management problem,involving not only scientific issues,but also systems,governance concepts and methods.
Keywords:COVID-19;SARS-CoV-2;Pandemic
呼吸道疾病是传染性疾病中感染最高,发病最多的疾病,其病原体包括细菌、支原体、衣原体和病毒等,其中以病毒最为普遍。每年因流行性感冒病毒引起呼吸道疾病,包括季节性流感和流行性流感也造成数万人死亡。由于流感病毒的变异性较大使得疫苗的研制跟不上疫情控制所需。病原体的变异成为疾病预防与控制的一个棘手问题。这次发生的新冠肺炎病原体——变异的冠状病毒与流感病毒在有一些特性方面也具备相同之处,因此在病原体的溯源、疾病诊断、疫苗研制、疾病流行的控制也许是一个较为复杂和漫长的过程。尽管如此,全球在尚无有效疫苗及有效治疗手段的情况下,疾病的流行、诊治、控制存在明显的差异。就其原因有以下几点值得思考。
1、国家制度的优势……p>
