于喜展 隋映辉

摘 要：要提高产业集群创新绩效、提升创新能力，就有必要吸引企业、大学和科研机构、中介机构及政府等创新主体及创新资源汇入并形成创新生态系统。而如何提升系统的创新绩效，实现可持续发展，关键在于系統群体间以何种方式进行联系以建立起共生关系并维持系统良好运行。为此，借助生态共生理论，提出了基于城市创新的集群生态系统概念模型。根据企业、大学和科研机构、中介机构及政府等群体在产业创新过程中的作用与参与程度的不同，界定了共生单元，在共生环境的作用下，它们之间通过物质、能量、信息等交换、交流方式构成互惠共生模式。为了提高系统内共生体间物质流动、能量转换及信息交流的速度与效率，需要建立起共生关系生成机制、共生关系反应机制及共生能量调节机制等共生机制来确保系统功能的实现。在特定的城市创新的环境下建立起有效的共生机制以促进高质量的共生关系生成并促进系统良好运行，可实现合作创新高效进行，从而带动产业集群创新能力的提高。

关键词：城市创新;产业集群;生态系统;共生关系;共生机制

中图分类号：F 062.9019-06

Abstract：To promote the innovation performance and the innovation ability of industrial clusters，it is necessary to attract such innovative resources and innovative entities as enterprises，universities and scientific research institutions，intermediary agencies，and governments，to form an innovation ecosystem.To achieve it，the key is how to establish a symbiotic relationship among ecosystem groups and how to keep it running smoothly.Therefore，the concept model of cluster ecosystem on urban innovation was put forward by means of symbiosis theory.The symbiosis units were defined by what roles the different ecological groups，such as companies，universities and research institutions，intermediary agencies，and governments，play in the process of industrial innovation.And the mutualism models among these symbiosis units were constituted through the exchange of material，energy and information.To speed material flow，energy conversion and information exchange，it was necessary to establish some symbiosis mechanisms including symbiotic relationship generation mechanism，symbiotic relationship reaction mechanism and symbiotic energy regulation mechanism to ensure the realization of system functions.Under the special city innovation environment，the effective symbiosis mechanisms could not only generate high-quality ecological relationships，but also keep system operating well.For if this occurred，collaborative innovation among symbiosis units could be carried out efficiently so as to improve the innovation ability of industrial cluster.

Key words：city innovation;industrial cluster;ecosystem;symbiotic relationship;symbiotic mechanism

0 引 言“共生”（Symbiosis），是由德国生物学家德贝里（Anton De Bary）于1879年提出的[1]。共生现象不仅存在于生物界，而且广泛存在于社会体系之中[2]。近十几年来，共生理论逐步拓展到经济学和社会学领域。因而可借鉴其理论及原理来研究基于城市创新的产业集群生态系统在一定环境下，如何建立相互联系、相关作用、协同演化的共生关系与机制。……