急性脑梗死的危险因素及临床诊治研究
2019-10-21赵宏伟
赵宏伟
摘要:急性脑梗死属于临床多发病,近年来其发病率呈现逐年上升趋势,正确认识急性脑梗死的危险因素,积极采取预防及治疗措施,可有效提升患者的生活质量。脑梗死的诱发因素较多,主要包括高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、心血管疾病、感染、吸烟、饮酒等。随着诊疗技术的不断发展,对于急性脑梗死的诊断及治疗方案也在不断更新。本文主要对急性脑梗死相关危险因素及治疗方案进行综述。
关键词:急性脑梗死;诱发因素;危险因素
中图分类号:R743.33 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.17.015
文章编号:1006-1959(2019)17-0044-04
Abstract:Acute cerebral infarction is a clinically frequently-occurring disease. In recent years, its incidence rate has been increasing year by year. Correct understanding of the risk factors of acute cerebral infarction and active prevention and treatment measures can effectively improve the quality of life of patients. There are many predisposing factors for cerebral infarction, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, infection, smoking, and drinking. With the continuous development of diagnosis and treatment technology, the diagnosis and treatment plan for acute cerebral infarction is also constantly updated. This article reviews the risk factors and treatment options associated with acute cerebral infarction.
Key words:Acute cerebral infarction;Predisposing factors;Risk factors
急性腦梗死(acute cerebral infarction)具有发病率高、致残、致死率高等特点,其急性期病死率约5%~15%,致死率高达50%,是目前造成人类死亡的重要因素[1,2]。为明确急性脑梗死的诱发因素,寻求最佳的诊疗方案,以改善急性脑梗死患者预后,降低其发病率、致残、致死率,减轻患者、家庭及国家的经济负担,现就急性脑梗死患者高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、心血管疾病等相关危险因素,血清学、影像学等诊断措施及溶栓、抗血小板、抗凝、降纤、神经保护剂等治疗方式进行综述。
1急性脑梗死的相关危险因素
急性脑梗死诱发因素较多,且病因复杂,目前临床多认为其与高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、心血管疾病等因素密切相关[3]。
1.1高血压 高血压是诱发急性脑梗死的独立危险因素,若患者长期处于高血压状态,将导致脑动脉粥样硬化,脑小动脉玻璃样改变,进而引发动脉狭窄或闭塞,最终诱发动脉供血区脑组织缺血或梗……
