吴王飞 顾芸

摘要：目的  探討如何提高常规病理切片质量的技术和方法，防止组织冷冻过度影响切片质量及蜡块水分的进入。方法  收集2017年3月～12月南京市妇幼保健院病理科常规制片中的蜡块4000个，每日选取类似的组织随机平均分为两组：湿冻法组共2000个蜡块都使用传统规范的冷台冷冻法进行制片;干冻法组共2000个蜡块，切片时都将蜡块反过来进行冷台冷冻法制片。对比两组制片的效果及切片质量不良发生率。结果  干冻法组制片中各组织切片完整、厚薄均匀，无裂隙、皱褶且蜡块组织表面无水分的进入。而湿冻法组中有一些组织切面不完整，有裂隙和颤痕，且切片的时候蜡块组织表面易有水分的进入，蜡块组织表面时有发白现象，尤其是以宫内物以及一些含血较多的组织比较明显。干冻法组切片质量不良发生率低于湿冻法组（1.90% vs 7.80%），差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论  使用冷台“干冻法”进行制片更好的提高了切片的质量，而且有效的避免了蜡块组织水分的进入，保证了切片质量和蜡块的保存。

关键词：干冻法;冷台;切片;质量分析

中图分类号：R197.39                                文献标识码：A                                DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.18.062

文章编号：1006-1959（2019）18-0175-03

Abstract：Objective  To explore techniques and methods for improving the quality of conventional pathological sections to prevent tissue freezing from affecting the quality of the sections and the moisture ingress of the wax blocks. Methods  A total of 4000 wax blocks were collected from the routine preparations of the Department of Pathology， Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from March to December 2017. The daily average of similar tissues was randomly divided into two groups： 2000 freezers were used. The traditional standard cold table freezing method is used for tableting; the dry freezing method group has a total of 2000 wax blocks， and the wax blocks are reversely processed for cold plate freezing. The effect of the two groups of tablets and the incidence of poor slice quality were compared. Results  The tissue sections in the dry frozen method were intact， uniform in thickness， free of cracks， wrinkles and no moisture on the surface of the wax block. However， some tissues in the wet freezing method are incomplete， with cracks and trembling marks， and the surface of the wax block is easy to enter when the slice is formed， and the surface of the wax block is whitish， especially in the uterus. And some tissues with more blood are more obvious. The incidence of poor quality of the dry frozen group was lower than that of the wet frozen group （1.90% vs 7.80%），the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion  The use of cold table "dry freeze method" for tableting better improves the quality of the slice， and effectively avoids the entry of wax block tissue moisture， ensuring the quality of the slice and the preservation of the wax block.