苟朋兵 李燕琴 石明娟 王欢 刘晓伦 喻佳慧

【摘 要】目的：了解目前高校实验室安全知识的掌握情况，探索提高实验室安全知识水平和安全意识增加的有效途径。方法：通过分层随机整群抽样的方法，按照专业、年级不同，共抽取10个班级636名学生进行测试。按照专业和年级不同分为对照组和实验组。对照组前后两次问卷均不作任何干預，测试成绩进行自身前后对比以及与实验组比较;实验组在第一次调查后，进行安全知识的培训等安全教育，最后再进行安全知识测试，进行前后对比及与对照组对比分析。结果：干预前后实验组在易制毒知识、灭火器知识、急救逃生、废液处理、动物处理、实验室常规操作、实验室用电知识、离心机使用这8个项目里的正确人数有统计学差异（P<0.05）;干预后学生的相关知识有显著提高。单因素方差分析结果显示不同性别、实验室累计学习时长、专业之间成绩差异有显著性（P<0.05）。通过Logistic回归分析发现，性别、实验室累计学习时长、专业和成绩之间存在相关性。结论：对在校大学生开展安全知识的教育非常有必要，培训教育可以有效提高实验室安全知识的掌握程度。虚拟教学和实践教学相结合，发挥两者的优势，效果更好。另外应根据性别、专业、实验室累计学习时长、学生的兴趣点的不同有针对性的开展教育，以期取得更好的效果。

【关键词】高校实验室;实验室安全;虚拟实验室;干预;Logistic回归

中图分类号： G647 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 2095-2457（2019）10-0134-002

DOI：10.19694/j.cnki.issn2095-2457.2019.10.056

Investigation on the Mastery of Safety Knowledge in University Laboratories and Analysis of Influencing Factors

GOU Peng-bing1，2 LI Yan-qin1* SHI Ming-juan2 WANG Huan2 LIU Xiao-lun2 YU Jia-hui2

（1.School of Public Health，Xi'an Jiaotong University，Xi'an Shaanxi 710061，China;

2.School of Public Health，Xi'an Medical College，Xi'an Shaanxi 710021，China）

【Abstract】Objective：To understand the current situation of laboratory safety knowledge in colleges and universities， and to explore effective ways to improve laboratory safety knowledge and safety awareness.Methods：Through stratified random cluster sampling method，636 students from 10 classes were selected for testing according to their majors and grades.According to the specialty and grade，they were divided into control group and experimental group.There were no interventions in the two questionnaires before and after the control group.The test scores were compared before and after comparison with the experimental group.After the first investigation，the experimental group conducted safety education such as safety knowledge training，and finally conducted safety knowledge test before and after.Comparison and comparison with the control group.Results：Before and after the intervention，the correct number of people in the eight groups of easy-to-manage knowledge，fire extinguisher knowledge，first aid escape，waste treatment，animal treatment， laboratory routine operation，laboratory power knowledge，and centrifuge use were statistically significant.Differences（P<0.05）;the relevant knowledge of students after the intervention was significantly improved.The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in the scores of different genders， cumulative learning time in the laboratory，and professional（P<0.05）.Logistic regression analysis found that there was a correlation between gender， laboratory cumulative learning duration，majors and grades.Conclusion：It is very necessary to educate college students on safety knowledge.Training and education can effectively improve the mastery of laboratory safety knowledge.The combination of virtual teaching and practical teaching will give full play to the advantages of both， and the effect will be better.In addition，targeted education should be carried out according to gender，major，cumulative duration of study in the laboratory，and students' interest points，in order to achieve better results.

【Key words】University laboratory;Laboratory safety;Virtual laboratory;Intervention;Logistic regression

0 前言

高校实验室的安全与教师和学生的生命安全息息相关。当前我国高校实验室不管是从类别到数量，还是从规模到使用频率，都在不断的扩大和增加[1-2]。但与之相匹配的实验室安全教育和管理却相对滞后，安全事故频发，各种实验室安全灾难屡见报端，时刻提醒我们安全无小事，警钟需长鸣[3-5]。为此，国内外的很多专家学者，对此提出很多有效的措施和方案，如加强制度管理、建立准入制度、提高安全设施水准，加强安全知识和安全意识培训等[6]。本文从安全知识的培训入手，多方面探索如何更加高效进行安全知识的培训，从而提高学生的实验室安全知识水平和安全意识能力，为以后的实验室安全培训找准切入点，提高培训质量，减少实验室安全事故的发生率。……