齐麟　张杨

摘 要 将创客教育理念与《土木工程CAD》课程相结合，设计了符合创客项目八要点的教学项目，并以其为主线将知识技能融入其中。应用创客教育理念，设计了包含五个项目实施阶段的教学策略，将学生创造能力的培养融入到项目的实施过程中，实现“在创造中学习”。将教育活动的中心由教师转变为学生，教师为教学过程的设计者和组织者。建立了与传统考试评价方式相结合的创客项目评价标准，启发学习者的创新意识、激发学习者的创造能力。通过基于创客教育的《土木工程CAD》教学改革，改革当前软件技能类课程的“逐一介绍软件功能”的传统教学方法，使教学效果超越单纯技能培训的层面，提升到培养学生创造力的高度。

关键词 创客教育 创客项目 土木工程CAD 改革

中图分类号：G424 文献标识码：A DOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkz.2018.09.055

Abstract Based on the Maker Education idea， teaching programs for the course Civil Engineering CAD with the accordance of eight key points of the Maker program are designed. The essential technique of the course is integrated into the programs. Teaching policy consisting of five stages is also designed based on the Maker Education idea. Training of the student creative ability is integrated into the teaching policy， so the study can be carried in the creative process. By the Maker Education， students rather than the teacher become the center of the teaching activity， and the teacher becomes the designer and the organizer. The new evaluation criterion considering the connection of the traditional examination evaluation for Maker program is established. By this criterion the innovation consciousness and creative ability of the student can be promoted. In the traditional software class， functions are introduced one by one， and the operation technique is the objective. By the Maker Education， creation promoting becomes the main objective.

Keywords Maker Education； Maker program； Civil Engineering CAD； reform

创客源于英文单词“Maker”，原意为“制造者”。创客运动源于美国麻省理工大学发起的Fab Lab项目。[1]该项目以个人创意、个人设计、个人制造为核心理念，旨在构建融合设计、制造、調试、分析以及文档管理全流程的创新制造环境。Fab Lab理念与实践在全球的传播，推动了创客运动的兴起与发展。[2]2015年李克强总理在《政府工作报告》中对创客运动给予了高度评价；[3]2016年5月国务院印发的《国家创新驱动发展战略纲要》也明确提出了发展创客运动的意见。[4]

创客运动对教育领域也产生了巨大的影响，创客运动与教育的结合正在改变传统教育的理念、组织、模式与方法。……