塔依尔·喀德尔

摘 要：凡是工程質量不合格，影响使用功能或工程结构安全，造成永久质量缺陷或存在重大质量隐患，甚至直接导致工程坍塌或人身伤亡的，必须进行返修、加固过报废处理，按照由此造成直接经济测试的大小分为质量问题和质量事故。指由于工程实施指导或领导失误而造成的质量事故。例如，由于工程负责人片面追求施工进度，放松不按质量标准进行控制和检验，降低施工质量标准等。指在施工中，由于实时操作者不按规程和标准实施操作，而造成的质量事故。例如，浇筑混凝土时随意加水，或振捣疏漏造成混凝土质量事故等。

根据工程质量事故造成的人员伤亡或者直接经济损失，工程质量事故分为4个等级：

·特别重大事故：指造成30人以上死亡，或者100人以上重伤，或1亿元以上直接经济损失的事故；

·重大事故：是指造成10人以上30人以下死亡，或者50人以上100人以下重伤，或者5000万元以上1亿元以下直接经济损失的事故；

·较大事故：是指造成3人以上10人以下死亡，或者10人以上50人以下重伤，或者1000万元以上5000万元以下直接经济损失的事故；

·一般事故：是指造成3人以下死亡，或者10人以下重伤，或者100万元以上1000万元以下直接经济损失的事故。

关键词：质量事故；预防；处理措施

Abstract： Any substandard quality of the project ， the impact of the use of functional or structural safety engineering， quality defects resulting in permanent or significant quality problems ， or even a direct result of the project collapsed or personal injury must be repaired ， reinforced through the scrap processing ， according to the resulting direct the size of the economy into the quality of testing and quality accidents. Refers to the quality of the accident due to the project implementation guidance or leadership failures caused. For example ， due to the person in charge of the one-sided pursuit of engineering construction schedule ， according to the quality standards are not relaxed control and inspection ， reducing construction quality standards. Refers to the quality of the construction accident ， due to the implementation of real-time operator does not operate according to rules and standards caused. For example ， when free water pouring concrete ， or concrete quality vibrators omissions causing accidents .

According casualties or direct economic losses caused by the accident project quality ， project quality accident divided into four grades ：

·major accidents ： that caused the death of over 30 people ， or more than 100 people injured， or direct economic losses of 100 million yuan more than the accident ；

·major incidents ： refers to killing 10 people over the deaths of 30 people ， or more than 50 100 people injured， more than 100 million yuan ， or 50 million yuan of direct economic losses of these incidents ；

·Larger accident： refers to killing three people and more than 10 people were killed and more than 10 people or 50 people injured， more than 50 million yuan ， or 10 million yuan in direct economic losses of these incidents ；

·General Accident ： is caused 3 deaths ， or 10 people seriously injured， or one million yuan less than 10 million yuan in direct economic losses of the accident .

Keywords ： Quality accident ； prevention ； treatment measures

1.施工质量事故的预防

1.1施工质量事故发生的原因

（1）技术原因：指引发质量事故是由于工程项目设计、施工中在技术上的失误。例如，结构设计计算错误，对水文地质情况判断错误，以及采用不适合的施工方法或施工工艺等。……