周佳颖 张景秋

[摘要]北京前门地区保存有良好的历史街巷肌理，是北京传统商业区和文化精华区的重要组成部分。运用空间句法分析前门地区的空间形态，并与商业店铺点位的核密度分析结果相叠加，探讨历史街区的空间结构与商业发展关系。同时，利用跟随调查方法，探究前门地区人流移动轨迹选择与吸引物、街巷空间之间的关系，旨在为前门地区的形态优化、业态提升和街巷活力的协调发展提供实证研究案例。分析结果表明，前门地区文化景点与商业店铺大致沿可达性高的道路呈线性集聚，但仍有部分文化景点集聚分布在可达性较低且商业店铺尚未形成集聚的胡同街巷，商业店铺的空间集聚则极大影响着人流移动的行为路径选择。

[关键词]前门地区；空间句法；空间形态；移动；行为路径

[中图分类号]TU 98421[文献标志码]A[文章编号]10050310（2018）01002206

Study on the Space Morphology of Historical Street Based on

Space Syntax Analysis

——A Case of Historical Street of Qianmen

Zhou Jiaying， Zhang Jingqiu

（College of Applied Arts and Science， Beijing Union Universtiy， Beijing， China 100191）

Abstract： Qianmen area contains a profound cultural heritage， and preservation of a good historical streets texture. This study attempts to examine the space morphology of historical street and the relationship between the selection of the flow path and the attraction by using space syntax and kernel density analysis. The coordinated development of the space morphology， business and street vitality of the Qianmen area are explored. Analysis results show that the attractions and commercial shops in Qianmen area roughly agglomerated along the roads with high accessibility， but there are still some cultural spots are located in the Hutongs， which are with lower accessibility. And the spatial agglomeration of commercial shops greatly affects the behavior tracks of people.

Keywords： Qianmen area； Space syntax； Space morphology； Mobility； Behavior tracks

0引言

北京前門地区历史悠久，蕴含着深厚的文化底蕴，自明清以来便是建筑、商贾、梨园、会馆、民俗等文化积淀最深厚的历史街区，至今仍保留着明清时期的街巷肌理，是北京古都风貌保护的重点地区。前门地区自2001年北京申奥成功便开始了修缮改造工程[1]，经历了前门大街商业步行街、大栅栏商业街及鲜鱼口地区改造，恢复三里河水系等多次改造，前门地区逐渐恢复了其历史风貌，同时前门地区活力不足的问题也导致部分商业街巷过于拥挤，而部分保护较好且文化底蕴丰厚的街巷人迹罕至。……