缺血性脑卒中二级预防的研究
2018-09-20龚柳张云云
龚柳 张云云
摘 要 缺血性脑卒中具有高发病率、高致死致残率和高复发率等特点。首次脑卒中后针对卒中复发的可控危险因素进行有效干预,对减少卒中复发、改善患者预后等都具有重要意义。目前,缺血性脑卒中复发的危险因素尚不完全清楚,笔者对缺血性脑卒中二级预防常见的可控因素、药物治疗以及手术治疗的研究进行综述。
关键词 缺血性脑卒中 复发 二级预防 危险因素
中图分类号:R743.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2018)17-0022-03
Study on the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke
GONG Liu1, ZHANG Yunyun2
(1. Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch of Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China; 2. Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Chinese & Western Medicine affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China)
ABSTRACT Ischemic stroke is characterized by high morbidity, mortality and disability and high rate of recurrence. The effective intervention for controllable risk factors of stroke recurrence after the first stroke is of great significance in reducing stroke recurrence and improving prognosis of patients. At present, the risk factors for the recurrence of ischemic stroke are not completely clear. the common controllable factors, drug treatment and surgical treatment of the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke were reviewed.
KEy WORDS ischemic stroke; recurrence; secondary prevention; risk factors
缺血性脑卒中是由各种原因引起脑部血液供应障碍,局部脑组织出现缺血、缺氧性坏死,进一步表现为相应神经功能障碍的一类临床综合征,是脑卒中最常见的类型,约占70%~80%。研究表明,中国缺血性脑卒中后第一年复发率高达17.7%[1]。对于缺血性脑卒中患者来说,及时有效的二级预防不仅可以减少复发,降低致残率,改善生活质量,减轻家庭负担,还可以降低死亡率。笔者对缺血性脑卒中二级预防的研究进展进行综述。
1 控制脑卒中复发的危险因素
缺血性脑卒中复发的危险因素可分为不可预防因素和可预防因素。研究表明,性别、年龄为缺血性脑卒中复发不可预防因素[2-4],常见的可预防因素有高血压、糖尿病、脂代谢异常、高同型半胱氨酸、吸烟等。
1.1 高血压
中国脑血管病防治指南[5]指出,脑卒中无论是初发还是再发,高血压都是一种密切相关的危险因素,患者血压水平>160/100 mmHg可使卒中再发的风险明显增加。左惠娟等[6]对326例脑卒中患者调查发现,具有高血压的患者,再发率为15.6%,不论血压控制是否达标,与无高血压病史患者相比脑卒中复发率增加。……
