吴丽丽

摘 要：文章以国家对创新创业型人才培养的重视为依据，以高职大类招生为背景，结合教育部的若干文件以及现代化经济体系中的先进制造业向高端、低碳、智能化发展需要等的指引下，对“智能类”专业进行了定义。从实际应用和理论研究两个方面来论证本论文的研究意义。通过查阅大量文献，对浙江、辽宁、江西、江苏、广东、重庆、湖南等地高职学生创新创业型人才培养存在的问题，进行总结归纳。针对存在的问题以及结合笔者自身实际，以“智能类”专业从教11年多的教学、班主任经验和一年多的创客空间负责人的运营经验，提出了两个大的方向。第一方面以“创客空间”为统筹机构，合理配置各类资源。这个方向，首先分析了什么是创客、创客与创新创业型人才之间的关系以及创客空间与创客的关系；再对创客空间的建立、创客的培育、创客师资的建设分别提出了对应的措施。第二方面，以创客教育为理念，将创新创业教育融入智能类专业教育。这个方向，主要从以创客教育为理念，改革智能类专业课程体系和课程的评价体系为两个要点进行分析，提出了具体的实施方法。

关键词：智能类；创新创业；人才培养；创客；创客空间；创客教育

中图分类号：C961 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2096-000X（2018）09-0040-04

Abstract： As the government gives priority to the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents， this paper defines the "intelligent" majors based on the higher vocational enrollment under the guidance of the Ministry of Education and the transformation of advanced manufacturing industries into a high-end， low-carbon and more intelligent ones. This significance of this paper lies in its practical application and theoretical research. Through consulting a large number of documents， the problems existing in the training of innovative and entrepreneurial talents of Higher Vocational College Students in Zhejiang， Liaoning， Jiangxi， Jiangsu， Guangdong， Chongqing and Hunan are summarized. In view of the existing problems and the combination of the author's own reality， the author puts forward two methods based on her 11-year teaching experience and one-odd year operation experience of maker space. The first method is to take "maker space" as an overall organization rationally configuring various kinds of resources. In this regard， it analyzes what maker is， the relationship between makers and innovative talents， and the relationship between maker space and makers. Then， it puts forward corresponding measures for the establishment of maker space， the cultivation of makers and the construction of makers. Secondly， guided by creative education， it integrates the innovation and entrepreneurship education into the intelligent professional education. In this regard， the two points are analyzed from the perspective of creating a maker education， reforming the evaluation system of intelligent professional courses and courses， and putting forward specific implementation methods.

Keywords： intelligent class； innovation and entrepreneurship； talent cultivation； maker； maker space； maker education

一、高职“智能类”专业创新创业型人才培养的必要性分析

（一）国家对创新创业型人才培养的重视

党的十九大报告提出，国家实体经济转型发展方向要从低端走向高端。……