药理学教学中运用学习记忆神经科学机制的探讨
2018-06-13李秀芳林青淤泽溥周宁娜
李秀芳 林青 淤泽溥 周宁娜
[摘要] 学习记忆包括信息的获得、存储和再现三个过程,在获得信息时能形成良好的提取线索、避开干扰现象、成功提取已存储的信息是提高学习记忆效果的重要保证。本文从学习记忆神经科学机制的角度,以药理学课程中的教学难点药物跨膜转运为例,探讨运用大脑学习记忆的神经科学机制以提高药理学教学质量的方法。在药理学教学过程中,运用学习记忆神经科学机制,把新知识(新信息)与原有信息及新信息之间相互联系,整合片段化信息以形成良好的提取线索,有效避免干扰,获得最佳的学习记忆效果,可帮助学生提高学习效率,值得在药理学及其他课程教学中推广应用。
[关键词] 学习;记忆;获得;干扰;再现;药理学
[中图分类号] R96-4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)04(a)-0139-03
[Abstract] The learning and memory includes three processes, which are the gain, storage, recall of information. The important guarantee of improving the effects of learning and memory is that get out the stored information successfully by avoiding interference phenomenon, which depends on whether the information has been encoded with a favorable clue or not. From the view of neuroscience mechanism of learning and memory, taking the difficult teaching point drug transmembrane transport in pharmacology course as example, this paper discusses the method of applying the neuroscience mechanism of learning and memory to improve teaching quality of pharmacology. In the teaching of pharmacology, application of neuroscience mechanism of learning and memory can connect new knowledge (new information) with original information and within new information, integrate fragmented information to form a desired memory cues, avoid interference effectively, get the best learning and memory effect, and help students to improve learning efficiency, which is worthy of promotion and application in the teaching of pharmacology and other courses.
[Key words] Learning; Memory; Coding; Interference; Recall; Pharmacology
藥理学是医药院校本、专科各专业学生的必修专业基础课程,由于课程涉及的药物多,药物作用机制复杂,信息量大,存在大量多学科知识交叉的现象,导致学生理解及记忆困难,影响学习效果。本文结合笔者的药理学教学实践,总结了利用学习记忆的神经科学机制帮助学生提高课程学习效果的方法。
1 学习记忆的神经科学机制
神经科学将学习记忆分为大脑对外界输入的信息进行编码、存储和提取的三个过程[1]:编码或获得(encoding/attention)是对新的刺激/应答关系及情景事件等的意识和收集,是一个新的信息被植入记忆地过程;存储或巩固(storage/consolidation)是有意识地记录和保持已获得信息的过程;……
