博物馆教育与学校教育的整合与利用问题研究
2018-06-05刘芳
刘芳
摘 要 博物馆作为国家、民族物质文明和精神文明的守护者和见证者,在时代发展的感召下,已经逐步完成了由收藏研究向教育服务的职能过渡,通过发挥其对国民的教育职能使得人类文明得以传承并实现创新。博物馆的教育是对人的终身教育和全面教育。青少年是博物馆观众的重要组成部分,亦是博物馆教育的重要研究对象,在整个博物馆教育体系中占有重要位置。伴随着我国教育改革的不断深入和国民教育体系的逐步建立,博物馆与学校的合作更面临着前所未有的机遇与挑战。为了实现这两种教育资源的有机融合,博物馆在构建和完善青少年教育体系的实践过程中,要以青少年学习需求为依据,从教育目的、教育方式、教育内容、教育人员和教育效果评估等方面进行全面具体的分析,突出博物馆教育的综合实践性,使博物馆教育成为学校教育的支持和补充,形成独立、完善又别具特色的青少年教育体系。
关键词 博物馆教育 学校教育 合作伙伴 青少年 课程体系
中图分类号:G261 文献标识码:A DOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkx.2018.02.082
Abstract As the guardians and witnesses of the material and spiritual civilization of a national or an ethnic, with the development of era, museums' function has been gradually transited from collection and research to education and services. Through museums' national education function, human civilizations get the chance to inheritance and innovation. Museums' education is lifetime education and comprehensive education. Youth is an important part of the museum audience, also is an important research object in the museum education, and occupies an important position in the whole museum education system. With the deepening of the reform of education and the gradually established national education system in our country, museums and schools are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. In order to realize the organic combination of the two kinds of education resources, in the process of the practice to build and perfect the teenagers education system, museums should take teenagers learn demand as the basis, from the education purpose, education method, education content, education personnel and education evaluation etc. to conduct a comprehensive and specific analysis, highlight its comprehensive practical feature to support the school education support and complement and to form independent, perfect and distinctive teenagers education system.
Keywords museum education; school education; partner; teenagers; course system
1 前言
1.1 研究背景
早在1910年,美国博物馆教育学家Kent就提出了博物馆应为学校教育服务,与学校建立伙伴关系的主张。自20世纪70年代开始,以美国为代表的西方社会开始了博物馆教育制度的探索与完善。在此过程中,博物馆与学校的合作伙伴关系得以巩固与发展。进入新世纪,青少年教育不仅成为博物馆发展的重要战略,博物馆为学校提供的各种教育资源更获得了师生们的广泛青睐。……
