《国内信用证结算办法》的特征及风险防控分析
2018-05-08陈伟芝
陈伟芝
[摘 要]《国内信用证结算办法》的颁布为银行金融业务的发展提供了新的机遇,也带来了新的挑战。在分析其顺应经济发展需求,放宽开证主体、使用主体及适用范围;遵从市场机制,赋予银行开展业务更大的自主权和自由度;提高信用证的灵活性,允许转让及加具保兑,突出信用证独立性原则,赋予银行在发现不符点后的付款选择权等特征的基础上,针对新版办法下国内信用证业务风险防控的重点进行剖析:对贸易背景真实性的把握,谨慎处理议付业务,重视职业道德风险管理,以期国内信用证业务的健康发展。
[关键词]国内信用证;贸易背景真实性;善意议付;风险管理
[中图分类号]F83
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]2095-3283(2018)02-0155-03
Abstract: The promulgation of Measures for Settlement by Domestic Letter of Credit has provided new opportunities and brought new challenges for the development of bank financial business. Based on the analysis of its characteristics: compliance with economic development needs, relax the issuing entity, the main body of use and the scope of application;adhere to the market mechanism and give banks more autonomy and freedom to carry out their business; improve the flexibility of letters of credit, allowing the transfer and add a confirmation; highlight the principle of credit independence, giving banks payment options after finding discrepancies, the paper analyzes the key points of risk prevention and control of the domestic letter of credit business under the new version.
Keywords: Domestic Letter of Credit; the Authenticity of the Trade Background; Bona Fide Negotiation
一、《国内信用证结算办法》的特征分析
(一)顺应经济发展需求,放宽开证主体、使用主体及适用范围
旧版第二条规定“开出国内信用证的银行是指经批准办理国内结算的银行业金融机构”,新版《国内信用证结算办法》取消了批准制,将参与国内信用证业务的银行主体范围扩展到政策性银行、商业银行、农村合作银行、村镇银行和农村信用社。为原本不具备资格的城商行和农商行带来巨大的商机,增添了贸易结算与融资的商品种类,为缓解中小企业融资难问题提供了更多选择,有效增强了市场竞争和活力,充充分发挥了市场调节机制,进一步促进了国内信用证业务的健康发展。
新版《国内信用证结算办法》第三条规定:“本办法适用于银行为国内企事业单位之间货物和服务贸易提供的信用证服务。……
