血液透析导管感染的诊治
2018-03-31杨凌
杨凌
[摘要] 目的 分析尿毒症患者维持性血液透析导管的感染风险和治疗方法。方法 方便收集2016年5月—2017年5月,发生透析导管相关感染的对象21例纳入感染组,其余168纳入对照组,描述性统计,因素分析。 结果 感染率为11.11%,血培养阳性率56.82%(25/44),导管血培养阳性率77.27%(34/44)例次,25次结果一致。药物治疗有效20例,1例无效换管。多因素Logistic回归分析,年龄、糖尿病成为独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 导管血培养+全身血培养可作为导管相关感染的诊断标准,可鉴别感染的类型,可作为经验性、敏感性抗生素选择的依据;绝大多数治疗效果较好。导管相关感染的发生影响因素较多,老年、糖尿病对象感染风险相对较高。
[关键词] 血液透析;导管感染;诊治
[中图分类号] R459 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)01(a)-0108-03
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemodialysis Catheter Infection
YANG Ling
Department of Nephrology, Emeishan Municipal Peoples Hospital, Emei, Sichuan Province, 614200 China
[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to analyze the risk and treatment of hemodialysis catheter infection in diabetic patients. Methods From May 2016 to May 2017, 21 cases of dialysis catheter related infections were convenient collected, and the remaining 168 cases were included in the control group. Descriptive statistics and factor analysis were used. Results The infection rate was 11.11%, the positive rate of blood culture positive was 56.82% (25/44); catheter blood culture positive rate was 77.27% (34/44) cases, 25 times of results were identical. 20 cases of effective drug treatment, 1 case of invalid tube replacement. According to the multivariate Logistic regression analysis, age, diabetes were independent factors (P<0.05). Conclusion The catheter blood culture and blood culture can be used as diagnostic criteria for systemic catheter-related infection, can distinguish types of infection, can be used as the basis for the choice of empirical antibiotic susceptibility; most of the treatment effect is better. The risk factors of catheter related infection are more, and the risk of infection in elderly and diabetic patients is relatively higher.
[Key words] Hemodialysis; Catheter infection; Diagnosis and treatment
我國慢性肾脏病成人发病率高达15%~20%[1]。与此同时,我国慢性肾脏病的管理水平明显落后于发达国家,尿毒症并发症率高、进展速度快[2-3]。我国年新增尿毒症患者约20万例,其中约90%的对象接受维持性血液透析治疗。血液透析也存在相关并发症,导管相关性感染(CRBSI)是一种常见的感染,按照类型可分为出口部位感染、隧道感染、皮下囊感染、导管病原菌定植、导管相关性菌血症,不同类型的感染危害不尽相同,明确诊断、规范治疗非常重要。2016年5月—2017年5月入院接受诊治的189例糖尿病血液透析,发生导管相关感染21例,现报道如下,总结治疗经验,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
方便选取该组189例对象,其中男141例、女47例,年龄(56.3±10.5)岁。原发病:糖尿病肾病82例、肾小球肾炎73例、肾病综合征17例、多囊肾14例,多发性骨髓瘤3例。纳入标准:①颈内静脉长期留置CUFF导管置管透析;②尿毒症透析;③临床资料完整。将发生导管相关感染的对象纳入感染组(21例),其中男15例,女6例,平均(71.2±4.3)岁,BMI(23.4±1.8)kg/m2,透析龄(5.6±0.4)个月,其余纳入对照组(168例),其中男126例,女42例,平均(54.8±11.4)岁,BMI(22.5±1.5)kg/m2,透析龄(3.8±0.1)个月。……
