叶太生+姚琼

[摘要] “一分为三”作为哲学上的认识论，是最基础的思维方法之一，也是中国哲学的理性思考。基于此，梳理中医理论形成期著作《黄帝内经》中“一分为三”的思想内容，既是发展中医学理论，也是创新性认识现代疾病诊治规律的内在要求。从“以三为数”“以三为道”溯源其内涵，发现“一分为三”启迪了中医“因、机、证、治”的理论，具有普遍的理论价值，并初探“一分为三”在中医辨证中的意义，提出气、血、水三分辨证的方法，以糖尿病肾病的三分辨证为例说明其逻辑说服力，是中医临床诊治新思路。

[关键词] 一分为三；黄帝内经；临床意义

[中图分类号] R221 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2017）12（c）-0133-04

[Abstract] “One divided into three” is a philosophical epistemology， it is one of the most basic thinking methods， and also the rational thinking of Chinese philosophy. Based on this， it sorts out the ideological content of “one divided into three” in the book of Huangdi Neijing， which is formed in the period of TCM theory formation. It is not only the development of traditional Chinese medicine theory， but also the internal requirement of innovative understanding of the rules of modern disease diagnosis and treatment. The connotation of “one divided into three” is analyzed from “three as the value” and “three as the rule”. It is found that “one divided into three” inspired the theory of “because， machine， syndrome， cure”， and has universal theoretical value. At the same time， to explore the significance of “one divided into three” in the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine， and put forward “Qi， blood， water” three points dialectical method， to treat diabetic nephropathy as an example to illustrate its logical persuasion， is a new way of clinical diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.

[Key words] One divided into three； Huangdi Neijing； Clinical significance

人类认识世界的思维方法都是从“无”到“有”，具备一元论[1]、二元论、三元论及多元论的发展历程，派生在中国哲学认识中体现就是“物”和“道”概念频出，最具代表性的阐述是《老子·四十二章》：“道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物”，作为认识事物的复杂多元的起点——“一分为三”自然是最基础思维方法之一。如：《易经》中的“阴阳相交”思想，儒家的“中庸”[2]、道家的“守中”、佛家的“中道”以及名家提出的“鸡三足”[3]、“黄马骊牛三”，都有哲学意义上“一分为三”的理性思维[4]。《史记·律书》也说：“数始于一，终于十，成于三。”同时在古代文献中，“三”的繁体字“叄”又通于“参”，“参”就是“参与”，即第三者参与到矛盾双方之中来，对矛盾双方进行调和、沟通和转化[5]，这说明了作为数值的“三”以及作为哲学意义的“三”区别和联系，而中医学理论发……