柑橘皮挥发油提取及HPLC测定柑橘皮挥发油中的柠檬烯含量
2017-10-13丁洁沙芮王爱霞钱滢文牛犇高俊梁宁
丁洁+沙芮+王爱霞+钱滢文+牛犇+高俊+梁宁



摘要:试验优化了水蒸气蒸馏法提取柑橘皮挥发油条件,通过正交试验确定最佳工艺参数为浸泡时间 1 h,提取时间3.0 h,加水量800 mL,粉碎目数30目。采用气相色谱法,色谱柱HP-5(30 m×320 μm×0.25 μm),测得5批不同产地柑橘皮挥发油含量在1.30%~1.98%,柠檬烯质量分数在75%~95%。该方法简便,准确,重复性好,可用于柠檬烯含量的测定。
关键词:柑橘皮;挥发油;柠檬烯;气相色谱
中图分类号:S666.2;O657.7+1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)17-3326-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.17.035
Citrus Essential Oil Extraction and HPLC Determination of the Limonene Content of Essential Oil in Orange Peel from Different Habitats
DING Jie1,SHA Rui1,WANG Ai-xia2,QIAN Ying-wen1,NIU Ben1,GAO Jun2,LIANG Ning1
(1.Commercial Technology Institute of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730020,China;
2.The People's Hospital of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China)
Abstract: The conditions of extracting volatile oil from citrus peel by steam distillation method were optimized and determined. By orthogonal experiment,the optimal conditions for the extraction were the soaking time 1 h,extracting time 3 h,quantity of water 800 mL, smashing mesh 30. Through gas chromatography and with a column HP-5(30 m×320 μm× 0.25 μm),the experiment measured that the content of volatile oil in 5 batches of citrus peel from different habitats ranged from 1.3% to 1.98%, and limonene mass fraction was between 75% and 95%. The method was proved to be simple, accurate and reproducible, which can be used in determination of the content of limonene.
Key words: citrus peel; volatile oil; limonene; gas chromatography
中国是柑橘类水果生产大国,每年产量高达3 200万t,每吨柑橘类水果可产鲜皮0.25 t[1],每吨柑橘类鲜皮含挥发油30 kg[2]。柑橘皮除了部分用于中药陈皮,有少部分用于调味料外,其余绝大部分废弃。按鲜果皮中挥发油含量1%~3%计算[3],每年有大约8万~24万t挥发油被废弃。
柑橘皮挥发油主要成分为:单萜烯、倍半萜烯和含氧芳香烃3大类组成[4]。单萜烯是柑橘皮类挥发油的主要成分,以D-柠檬烯(D-Limonene)为主,还有γ-松油烯(γ-Terpinene)、β-月桂烯(β-Myrcene)、α-蒎烯(α-Pinene)[5]。柑橘皮類挥发油具有祛痰、止咳、平喘、促进胃肠蠕动、促进消化液分泌、镇痛、溶解胆结石、抗菌消炎和去除自由基等作用[6],既是饮料、糕点类食品的天然调味剂,又是香水、牙膏、皂类等日用品的天然香味剂[7,8]。柑橘皮类挥发油的药用价值还能增强心脏的收缩力、扩张冠状动脉、增加冠状动脉血流量、降低毛细血管通透性。同时具有维生素P的作用,能扩张支气管,平喘、促进消化液分泌与排除肠内积气等作用,但大剂量则有抑制作用和刺激性[9]。挥发油能松弛支气管平滑肌,水提物或挥发油均能阻断或解除氯化乙酞胆碱或磷酸组胺所致的支气管平滑肌的收缩痉挛[10]。……
